tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-42341327935266624402024-03-06T09:11:57.744+07:00~Smart In Action~-fazrul.basir-http://www.blogger.com/profile/18418553695983634511noreply@blogger.comBlogger21125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4234132793526662440.post-78838929004610368102010-12-06T07:48:00.001+07:002010-12-06T07:48:49.005+07:00Trauma + Stress = PTSD<p align="center"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">[Assalamualaikum & salam sejahtera]</font></p> <p align="center"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"><a href="http://lh5.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPwsA5ktaRI/AAAAAAAAANs/tY25Y9nEsDs/s1600-h/stress%5B3%5D.gif"><img style="border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; display: inline; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px" title="stress" border="0" alt="stress" src="http://lh5.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPws-KHgP3I/AAAAAAAAANw/L70lTAMXEOQ/stress_thumb%5B1%5D.gif?imgmax=800" width="363" height="267" /></a> </font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Seems to be one good equation but did you all know what’s that means?</font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Stress can define by everybody in the world. Believe it or not? Believe it! But how the professional explain about the stress that not everyone know about it. Today’s topic of my discussion is about stress and PTSD.</font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">There are several definition of stress. </font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">1. stress = tension: (psychology) a state of mental or emotional strain or suspense (</font><a href="wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">wordnetweb.princeton</font></a><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">)</font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">2. Stress is a term in psychology and biology, refers to the consequence of the failure of an organism – human or animal – to respond appropriately to emotional or physical threats, whether actual or imagined. </font><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress_(biology)"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">(The Stress of Life, Hans Selye, New York: McGraw-Hill, 1956 - wikipedia)</font></a></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Thus, there are the definition of stress. There are many type of stress. In your mind, what stress means to you? Is it a bad thing? or Is it a good thing for you?</font><font size="3"><font face="Berlin Sans FB"><strong><a href="http://lh4.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPws-puFPKI/AAAAAAAAAN0/JgNNdQnkOX4/s1600-h/211847_f260%5B14%5D.jpg"><img style="border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 7px 10px 7px 0px; display: inline; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px" title="211847_f260" border="0" alt="211847_f260" align="left" src="http://lh3.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPwt7oCYoeI/AAAAAAAAAN4/Upw53osCWrc/211847_f260_thumb%5B12%5D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="135" height="109" /></a></strong></font></font><a href="http://lh4.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPwt8duik_I/AAAAAAAAAN8/7u69NkLLHds/s1600-h/Stress_Grid%5B3%5D.jpg"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></a></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3"><font face="Berlin Sans FB"><strong>Eustress</strong> is one of the helpful types of stress. What is the definition for eustress? It is the type of stress you experience right before you have the need to exert physical force. Eustress prepares the muscles, heart, and mind for the strength needed for whatever is about to occur.<a href="http://lh4.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPwu5esyPjI/AAAAAAAAAOA/eWHyFO_In9g/s1600-h/stress-main_full%5B5%5D.jpg"><img style="border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 7px 0px 7px 10px; display: inline; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px" title="stress-main_full" border="0" alt="stress-main_full" align="right" src="http://lh4.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPwv2SfmHWI/AAAAAAAAAOE/em-pDATKu8A/stress-main_full_thumb%5B3%5D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="247" height="205" /></a></font></font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3"><font face="Berlin Sans FB"><strong>Distress</strong> is one of the negative types of stress. This is one of the types of  stress that the mind and body undergoes when the normal routine is constantly adjusted and altered. The mind is not comfortable with this routine, and craves the familiarity of a common routine. There are actually two types of distress: acute stress and chronic stress.</font></font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3"><font face="Berlin Sans FB"><strong>Acute stress</strong> is the most common form of stress. It comes from demands and pressures of the recent past and anticipated demands and pressures of the near future. Acute stress is thrilling and exciting in small doses, but too much is exhausting.</font></font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">While acute stress can be thrilling and exciting, <strong>chronic stress</strong> is not. This is the grinding stress that wears people away day after day, year after year. Chronic stress destroys bodies, minds and lives. It wreaks havoc through long-term attrition. It's the stress of poverty, of dysfunctional families, of being trapped in an unhappy marriage or in a despised job or career. It's the stress that the never-ending "troubles".</font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></p> <h5 align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"><img style="border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; display: block; float: none; margin-left: auto; border-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; border-right: 0px" title="Stress_Grid" border="0" alt="Stress_Grid" src="http://lh4.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPwv3fbGqiI/AAAAAAAAAOI/BIf989hzNpc/Stress_Grid_thumb%5B1%5D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="244" height="244" /></font></h5> <h5 align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></h5> <h5 align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Quadrant One: Chronic Eustress </font></h5> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Quadrant One is known as Chronic Eustress or long lasting, recurrent good stress. This is by far, the very best of the types of stress out there. </font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Words like fun, happiness, peace, joy, laughter, spirit, and love exist in this quadrant. When we are in a state of chronic eustress, our bodies have very high levels of the feel good hormones like Dopamine and Oxytocin. These hormones make it possible for us to have high levels of self-esteem and to have really strong relationships in all areas of your life, whether they be romantic, parental or work-related.</font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"><a href="http://lh4.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPwv4A8rXGI/AAAAAAAAAOM/xQ9w1qbM3Kg/s1600-h/stress%5B4%5D.jpg"><img style="border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; display: block; float: none; margin-left: auto; border-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; border-right: 0px" title="stress" border="0" alt="stress" src="http://lh3.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPww061DLYI/AAAAAAAAAOQ/TYM5ZNAx_Rk/stress_thumb%5B2%5D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="244" height="171" /></a> </font></p> <h5 align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Quadrant Two: Acute Eustress</font></h5> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Quadrant Two is known as <b>Acute Eustress</b> or rapid onset, short, intense good stress. On a 'types of stress' scale of 1-10, with 1 being bad and 10 being good, this quadrant sits at about 6-7.</font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">When you get some really fantastic news or you are engaged in a feel great workout or when something really wonderful happens to you, you experience this kind of stress. The body is temporarily, intensely and quickly flooded with feel good hormones like Dopamine and Oxytocin. This type of stress is desirable and it does a body good to experience this type of stress often.</font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"><a href="http://lh4.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPww10dY2kI/AAAAAAAAAOU/6iTiHYAgOqs/s1600-h/stresscurve002_opt%5B5%5D.jpg"><img style="border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; display: block; float: none; margin-left: auto; border-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; border-right: 0px" title="stresscurve002_opt" border="0" alt="stresscurve002_opt" src="http://lh6.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPwxzGKZ1tI/AAAAAAAAAOY/i-bfRWxXbx4/stresscurve002_opt_thumb%5B3%5D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="492" height="291" /></a> </font></p> <h5 align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Quadrant Three: Acute Distress</font></h5> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Quadrant Three is known as <b>Acute Distress</b> or rapid onset, short, intense bad stress. As far as types of stress go, this one is no fun but is not terribly dangerous and in fact it can save your life.</font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">This type of stress happens when we feel shocked or threatened and our fight or flight stress response system kicks into gear. Our bodies are flooded with emergency response hormones such as adrenaline and cortisol. These hormones allow us to be alert and have increased strength, endurance and energy, thereby allowing us to respond to imminent danger. </font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">This type of stress comes from things like a car accident or if you are attacked or if you feel extreme fear. While this type of stress is classified as a bad stress, it is not dangerous because it does not last a long time and the body will wash away these extra hormones when the danger or threat has passed. This stress helps us to survive.</font></p> <h5 align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></h5> <h5 align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Quadrant Four: Chronic Distress</font></h5> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Quadrant Four is known as <b>Chronic Distress</b> or long lasting, recurrent bad stress. This is by far the worst of the types of stress in our lives. </font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Chronic distress is the cause of most peoples' problems. With this kind of stress, your body is constantly flooded with emergency response hormones like Cortisol and Adrenaline. When your Endocrine System is over-used to this extent, things begin to malfunction.</font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Staying here will kill you and long before this quadrant gets around to that, it will more than steal your quality of life. So get out now, while you still can and stay out.</font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Now, when all of us already clear about stress, we’ll move on the main objective of it which is PTSD. Why I suddenly emerge this topic. In disaster, there are many combination stress. It can be a acute distress (when Merapi erupt) and chronic distress (as long as they don’t have works to do, as they live in refugee camp). Plus, there is trauma on the Merapi eruption. Thus, this lead to PTSD. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder.</font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"><img style="border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; display: block; float: none; margin-left: auto; border-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; border-right: 0px" title="ptsd" border="0" alt="ptsd" src="http://lh5.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPwx0akTn-I/AAAAAAAAAOc/a83P1XDtIEs/ptsd_thumb%5B2%5D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="285" height="263" /> </font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"><strong>PTSD</strong> is defined as a delayed reaction to an exceptionally stressful situation or a life threatening event. The delay can be as long as 6 months or even more. This disorder has gained significant attention during the past few years as more and more researches have commented on the short and long term effects of post traumatic stress disorder.</font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Many psychopathological conditions affecting adults and adolescents which were initially thought to be results of internal conflicts are now found to be due to a past stressful trauma. More researches are being done in this field. <br /></font></p> <p align="justify"><img style="border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; display: block; float: none; margin-left: auto; border-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; border-right: 0px" title="stress_2" border="0" alt="stress_2" src="http://lh3.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPwx1xQPh4I/AAAAAAAAAOg/6Y0npdoxn2k/stress_2_thumb%5B4%5D.gif?imgmax=800" width="492" height="502" /> </p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">The manifestations of the disorder are seen after a couple of months. The impact of the event is so much that the person who is affected, tries to avoid any stimuli reminding him of that past stressful event. In spite of it, if the person experiences the stimuli, the manifestations become more severe, with more anxiety and more arousal. <br /></font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">An affected person gets repeated recollection of the stressful event as Flashbacks or dreams. The person re-experiences the original trauma and gets affected both physiologically and psychologically and tries to avoid such stimuli. Repeated Re-experiences cause a behavioral change in the person.</font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Thus, when there is disaster especially deadly disaster like tsunami, earthquake or volcano eruption, psychological management cannot be left out at the first hand. Psychologist or psychiatrist has to collaborate to enhance the services to the victims. They are must one of the member of rapid response team during disaster management. The impact of PTSD is so huge till they can be suicide attempt.  </font></p> <p align="center"><a href="http://lh5.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPwx7ZwT6CI/AAAAAAAAAOk/hzzM5dsG7jM/s1600-h/Wasior-Sassu%5B4%5D.gif"><img style="display: block; float: none; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto" title="Wasior-Sassu" alt="Wasior-Sassu" src="http://lh6.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPwy7jWXcRI/AAAAAAAAAOo/RDCkK5TE7ZE/Wasior-Sassu_thumb%5B2%5D.gif?imgmax=800" width="356" height="237" /></a><em><font size="2" face="Berlin Sans FB"> Psychology Team of Palang Merah Indonesia in Wasior</font></em></p> <p align="justify"> </p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">References:</font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">1. <a href="http://www.apa.org/helpcenter/traumatic-stress.aspx">American Psychological Association</a></font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">2. <a href="http://www.stressfocus.com">stressfocus</a></font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">3. <a href="http://www.strictly-stress-management.com/what_is_stress.html">Strictly Stress Management</a></font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></p> <p align="center"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">-tHaNk yOu-</font></p> -fazrul.basir-http://www.blogger.com/profile/18418553695983634511noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4234132793526662440.post-39792398016021668702010-12-04T20:21:00.000+07:002010-12-06T08:57:50.346+07:00Health Education Professional<p align="center"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">[Assalamualaikum & salam sejahtera]</font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Code of Ethics for the Health Education Profession</font></p> <p align="justify"> <br /><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">The Health Education profession is dedicated to excellence in the practice of promoting individual, patient, family, organizational, and community health. Health Education Officer are responsible for upholding the integrity and ethics of the profession as they face the daily challenges of making decisions. <br /></font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">By acknowledging the value of diversity in society and embracing a cross-cultural approach, Health Education Officer support the worth, dignity, potential, and uniqueness of all people. The Code of Ethics provides a framework of shared values within which Health Education is practice. The Code of Ethics is grounded in fundamental ethical principles that underlie all health care services: respect for autonomy, promotion of social justice, evidence based intervention and avoidance of harm. The responsibility of each Health Education Officer is to aspire to the highest possible standards of conduct and to encourage the ethical behavior of all those with whom they work. Regardless of job title, professional affiliation, work setting, or population served, Health Education Officer abides by these guidelines when making professional decisions. <br /></font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"><a href="http://lh6.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPw9HEY1QnI/AAAAAAAAAOs/HfTd8YUW-g8/s1600-h/polls_073009_derosier100_4607_587326_answer_4_xlarge%5B1%5D.jpg"><img style="border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; display: block; float: none; margin-left: auto; border-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; border-right: 0px" title="polls_073009_derosier100_4607_587326_answer_4_xlarge" border="0" alt="polls_073009_derosier100_4607_587326_answer_4_xlarge" src="http://lh4.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPw-DwFEuNI/AAAAAAAAAOw/Vi4FzSlJMN4/polls_073009_derosier100_4607_587326_answer_4_xlarge_thumb%5B1%5D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="244" height="213" /></a> </font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Article I: Responsibility to the Public <br />A Health Education Officer's ultimate responsibility is to educate people for the purpose of promoting, maintaining, and improving individual, patient, family, and community health. When a conflict of issues arises among individuals, groups, organizations, agencies, or institutions, Health Education Officer must consider all issues and give priority to those that promote wellness and quality of living through principles of self-determination and freedom of choice for the individual. <br /></font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Section 1: Health Education Officer support the right of individuals to make informed decisions regarding health, as long as such decisions pose no threat to the health of others. <br />Section 2: Health Education Officer encourages actions, health and social policies that support and facilitate the best balance of benefits over harm for all affected parties. <br />Section 3: Health Education Officer accurately communicate the potential benefits and consequences of the services and programs with which they are associated. <br />Section 4: Health Education Officer accepts the responsibility to act on issues that can adversely affect the health of individuals, patient, families, and communities. <br />Section 5: Health Education Officer is truthful about their qualifications and the limitations of their expertise and provides services consistent with their competencies. <br />Section 6: Health Education Officer respect and protects the privacy and dignity of individuals. <br />Section 7: Health Education Officer actively involves individuals, patients, families, and communities in the entire educational process so that all aspects of the process are clearly conveyed and understood by those who may be affected. <br />Section 8: Health Education Officer respect and acknowledge the rights of others to hold diverse norms, religious, ethnics, belief, cultural values, attitudes, and opinions. <br />Section 9: Health Education Officer provides services equitably to all people. <br /></font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"><a href="http://lh6.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPw-EhQPX_I/AAAAAAAAAO0/0G5lHtk3wLY/s1600-h/professional-doctor%5B4%5D.jpg"><img style="border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; display: block; float: none; margin-left: auto; border-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; border-right: 0px" title="" border="0" alt="" src="http://lh3.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPw_By8fzhI/AAAAAAAAAO4/IS2asJUX9bk/professional-doctor_thumb%5B2%5D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="285" height="190" /></a> </font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Article II: Responsibility to the Profession <br />Health Education Officer is responsible for their professional behavior, for the reputation of their profession, and for promoting ethical conduct among their colleagues <br /></font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Section 1: Health Education Officer maintain, improve, and expand their professional competence through continue professional development (CPD) issues related to the health of the public. <br />Section 2: Health Education Officer model and encourage nondiscriminatory standards of behavior in their interactions with others. <br />Section 3: Health Education Officer encourages and accepts responsible critical discussion to protect and enhance the profession. <br />Section 4: Health Education Officer contributes to the development of the profession by sharing the processes and outcomes of their work. <br />Section 5: Health Education Officer is aware of possible professional conflicts of interest, exercise integrity in conflict situations, and do not manipulate or violate the rights of others. <br />Section 6: Health Education Officer gives appropriate recognition to others for their professional contributions and achievements <br /></font></p> <p align="justify"> </p> <p align="justify"><strong></strong><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"><a href="http://lh6.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPw_DA21sVI/AAAAAAAAAO8/n1jIBVOzCbA/s1600-h/AccJHandshakeWeb%5B3%5D.jpg"><img style="border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; display: block; float: none; margin-left: auto; border-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; border-right: 0px" title="AccJHandshakeWeb" border="0" alt="AccJHandshakeWeb" src="http://lh4.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPxAAwa8HkI/AAAAAAAAAPA/D4TUyT-sCbo/AccJHandshakeWeb_thumb%5B1%5D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="196" height="244" /></a> </font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Article III: Responsibility to Employers <br />Health Education Officer recognizes the boundaries of their professional competence and are accountable for their professional activities and actions. <br /></font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Section 1: Health Education Officer maintains competence in their areas of professional practice. <br />Section 2: Health Education Officer accurately represents their qualifications and the qualifications of others whom they work with. <br />Section 3: Health Education Officer use appropriate standards, theories, and guidelines as criteria when carrying out their professional responsibilities. <br />Section 4: Health Education Officer anticipates and discloses competing commitments, conflicts of interest, and endorsement of products. <br />Section 5: Health Education Officer openly communicates to employers, expectations of job-related assignments that conflict with their professional ethics. <br /></font></p> <p align="justify"> </p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"><a href="http://lh6.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPxACHoRCYI/AAAAAAAAAPE/z-fWhO9MmjA/s1600-h/cartoon1-705992%5B4%5D.jpg"><img style="border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; display: block; float: none; margin-left: auto; border-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; border-right: 0px" title="cartoon1-705992" border="0" alt="cartoon1-705992" src="http://lh4.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPxBAmVJMmI/AAAAAAAAAPI/s0aEh6KLxLo/cartoon1-705992_thumb%5B2%5D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="318" height="255" /></a> </font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"><strong>Article IV: Responsibility in the Delivery of Health Education</strong> <br />Health Education Officer promotes integrity in the delivery of health education. They respect the rights, dignity, confidentiality, and worth of all people by adapting strategies and methods to the needs of diverse communities and populations. <br /></font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Section 1: Health Education Officer is sensitive to social and cultural diversity and is in accord with the laws, when planning and implementing programs. <br />Section 2: Health Education Officer are informed of the latest advances in theory, research, and practice, and use strategies and methods that are grounded in and contribute to development of professional standards, theories, guidelines, statistics, and experience. <br />Section 3: Health Education Officer is committed to rigorous evaluation of both program effectiveness and the methods used to achieve results. <br />Section 4: Health Education Officer empowers individuals to adopt and practice healthy lifestyles through informed choice rather than by coercion or intimidation. <br />Section 5: Health Education Officer communicates the potential outcomes of proposed services, strategies, and pending decisions to all individuals who will be affected. <br /></font></p> <p align="justify"> </p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"><a href="http://lh4.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPxBCGb321I/AAAAAAAAAPM/jKor9UxVnvU/s1600-h/ndw0227l%5B4%5D.jpg"><img style="border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; display: block; float: none; margin-left: auto; border-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; border-right: 0px" title="ndw0227l" border="0" alt="ndw0227l" src="http://lh4.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPxCABTfzvI/AAAAAAAAAPQ/vkD7adgp_hM/ndw0227l_thumb%5B2%5D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="254" height="335" /></a> </font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"><strong>Article V: Responsibility in Research and Evaluation</strong> <br />Health Education Officer contributes to the health of the population and to the profession through research and evaluation activities. When planning and conducting research or evaluation, Health Education Officer do so in accordance with federal and state laws and regulations, organizational and institutional policies, and professional standards. <br /></font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Section 1: Health Education Officer support principles and practices of research and evaluation that do no harm to individuals, groups, society, or the environment. <br />Section 2: Health Education Officer ensures that participation in research is voluntary and is based upon the informed consent of the participants. <br />Section 3: Health Education Officer respects the privacy, rights, and dignity of research participants, and honor commitments made to those participants. <br />Section 4: Health Education Officer treats all information obtained from participants as confidential unless otherwise required by law. <br />Section 5: Health Education Officer takes credit, including authorship, only for work they have actually performed and give credit to the contributions of others. <br />Section 6: Health Education Officer who serves as research or evaluation consultants discuss their results only with those to whom they are providing service, unless maintaining such confidentiality would jeopardize the health or safety of others. <br />Section 7: Health Education Officer reports the results of their research and evaluation objectively, accurately, and in a timely fashion. <br /></font></p> <p align="justify"> </p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"><a href="http://lh4.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPxCBDRLaNI/AAAAAAAAAPU/r7axqF_k8hs/s1600-h/7800110-doctor-teaches-a-student%5B4%5D.jpg"><img style="border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; display: block; float: none; margin-left: auto; border-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; border-right: 0px" title="7800110-doctor-teaches-a-student" border="0" alt="7800110-doctor-teaches-a-student" src="http://lh6.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPxDBlSX_ZI/AAAAAAAAAPY/1Hs6L7Io4to/7800110-doctor-teaches-a-student_thumb%5B2%5D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="371" height="249" /></a> </font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"><strong>Article VI: Responsibility in Professional Preparation</strong> <br />Those involved in the preparation and training of Health Education Officer have an obligation to accord learners the same respect and treatment given other groups by providing quality education that benefits the profession and the public. <br /></font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Section 1: Health Education Officer select students for professional preparation programs based upon equal opportunity for all, and the individuals academic performance, abilities, and potential contribution to the profession and the public's health. <br />Section 2: Health Education Officer strives to make the educational environment and culture conducive to the health of all involved, and all forms of discrimination. <br />Section 3: Health Education Officer involved in professional preparation and professional development engage in careful preparation; present material that is accurate, up-to-date, and timely; provide reasonable and timely feedback; state clear and reasonable expectations; and conduct fair assessments and evaluations of learners. <br />Section 4: Health Education Officer provides objective and accurate counseling to learners about career opportunities, development, and advancement. <br />Section 5: Health Education Officer provides adequate supervision and meaningful opportunities for the professional development of learners. <br /></font></p> <p align="justify"> </p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Reference : <a href="http://www.sophe.org/about/ethics.html">http://www.sophe.org/about/ethics.html</a></font></p> <p align="justify"> </p> <p align="center"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">-tHaNk yOu-</font></p> -fazrul.basir-http://www.blogger.com/profile/18418553695983634511noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4234132793526662440.post-50475569749300151532010-12-01T08:39:00.001+07:002010-12-01T08:39:46.730+07:00World AIDS Day-Where were we?<p align="center"><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">[Assalamualaikum & salam sejahtera]</font></span></p> <p align="justify"><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"><a href="http://lh6.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPWlUFjMB8I/AAAAAAAAALw/zMnzbTpu21M/s1600-h/aids-world-day%5B6%5D.jpg"><img style="border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 7px 5px 7px 0px; display: inline; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px" title="aids-world-day" border="0" alt="aids-world-day" align="left" src="http://lh3.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPWmRFLt4VI/AAAAAAAAAL0/uZXucm4cktY/aids-world-day_thumb%5B4%5D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="135" height="205" /></a>Today’s is 1st December 2010. When it comes to December, there are many  events that we are really remember. Since 1995, the President of the United States has made an official proclamation on World AIDS Day on 1st December every year. Governments of other nations have followed suit and issued similar announcements.</font></span></p> <p align="justify"><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Why HIV and AIDS so special till there is a day for it?</font></span></p> <p align="justify"><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">First, we need to understand the term. HIV can be explained as:</font></span></p> <blockquote> <p align="justify"><span><span><span><font color="#000000"><strong>H</strong> – <em>Human</em> – This particular <dfn>virus</dfn> can only infect human beings.</font></span></span></span></p> </blockquote> <blockquote> <p align="justify"><span><span><span><font color="#000000"><strong>I</strong> – <em>Immunodeficiency</em> – HIV weakens your <dfn>immune system</dfn> by destroying important cells that fight disease and infection. A "deficient" immune system can't protect you.</font></span></span></span></p> </blockquote> <blockquote> <p align="justify"><span><span><span><font color="#000000"><strong>V</strong> – <em>Virus</em> – A virus can only reproduce itself by taking over a cell in the body of its host.</font></span></span></span></p> </blockquote> <p><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">While AIDS is:</font></span></p> <blockquote> <p align="justify"><span><span><span><font color="#000000"><strong>A</strong> – <em>Acquired</em> – AIDS is not something you inherit from your parents. You <em><strong>acquire</strong></em> AIDS after birth.</font></span></span></span></p> </blockquote> <blockquote> <p align="justify"><span><span><span><font color="#000000"><strong>I</strong> – <em>Immuno</em> – Your body's immune system includes all the organs and cells that work to fight off infection or disease.</font></span></span></span></p> </blockquote> <blockquote> <p align="justify"><span><span><span><font color="#000000"><strong>D</strong> – <em>Deficiency</em> – You get AIDS when your immune system is "deficient," or isn't working the way it should.</font></span></span></span></p> </blockquote> <blockquote> <p align="justify"><span><span><span><font color="#000000"><strong>S</strong> – <em>Syndrome</em> – A syndrome is a collection of symptoms and signs of disease. AIDS is a syndrome, rather than a single disease, because it is a complex illness with a wide range of complications and symptoms.</font></span></span></span></p> </blockquote> <p align="justify"><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">The continuous statistical analysis of HIV and AIDS is perform by many independent bodies and also World Health Organization (WHO). The U.S. Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC) operate the largest and most comprehensive HIV/AIDS <dfn>surveillance system</dfn> in America. They suggest from the data 2006:</font></span></p> <p align="justify"><font face="Berlin Sans FB"><font size="3"><span>1.   </span><span>An estimated 56,300 Americans are newly infected with HIV each year. </span></font></font><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">2. There are approximately 1.1 million Americans who are living with HIV/AIDS. </font></span></p> <p align="justify"><font face="Berlin Sans FB"><font size="3"><span>3.  </span><span>The CDC estimates that 21% of HIV-positive people don’t know they are infected-meaning they may be transmitting HIV without knowing it.</span></font></font></p> <p align="justify"><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">WHO perform surveillance system for integrated data of AIDS and HIV infected patients around the world. Here are the data from 2008 and 2009.</font> </span></p> <p align="justify"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span style="font-size: medium" class="Apple-style-span"></span></span></p> <a style="margin: 12px auto 6px; display: block; font: 14px helvetica,arial,sans-serif; text-decoration: underline; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -x-system-font: none" title="View 2010 Global Report Core En on Scribd" href="http://www.scribd.com/doc/44429997/2010-Global-Report-Core-En">2010 Global Report Core En</a> <object id="doc_182753193795000" name="doc_182753193795000" height="395" width="100%" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" data="http://d1.scribdassets.com/ScribdViewer.swf" style="outline:none;"> <param name="movie" value="http://d1.scribdassets.com/ScribdViewer.swf"> <param name="wmode" value="opaque"> <param name="bgcolor" value="#ffffff"> <param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"> <param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always"> <param name="FlashVars" value="document_id=44429997&access_key=key-13kchcz87u0d8ryogdnb&page=1&viewMode=list"> <embed id="doc_182753193795000" name="doc_182753193795000" src="http://d1.scribdassets.com/ScribdViewer.swf?document_id=44429997&access_key=key-13kchcz87u0d8ryogdnb&page=1&viewMode=list" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" height="395" width="100%" wmode="opaque" bgcolor="#ffffff"></embed> </object><a style="margin: 12px auto 6px; display: block; font: 14px helvetica,arial,sans-serif; text-decoration: underline; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -x-system-font: none" title="View 2009 Epiupdate Core En on Scribd" href="http://www.scribd.com/doc/44429974/2009-Epiupdate-Core-En">2009 Global Report Core En</a> <object id="doc_294223423214205" name="doc_294223423214205" height="395" width="100%" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" data="http://d1.scribdassets.com/ScribdViewer.swf" style="outline:none;"> <param name="movie" value="http://d1.scribdassets.com/ScribdViewer.swf"> <param name="wmode" value="opaque"> <param name="bgcolor" value="#ffffff"> <param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"> <param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always"> <param name="FlashVars" value="document_id=44429974&access_key=key-14abvto0fnweyb15egyg&page=1&viewMode=list"> <embed id="doc_294223423214205" name="doc_294223423214205" src="http://d1.scribdassets.com/ScribdViewer.swf?document_id=44429974&access_key=key-14abvto0fnweyb15egyg&page=1&viewMode=list" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" height="395" width="100%" wmode="opaque" bgcolor="#ffffff"></embed> </object> <p align="justify"><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">From the both data, we can imagine that the burden of the disease is very huge to the world health. Thus, World AIDS Day 2010 is design to increase awareness of people around the world that we have a high risk to get infected with HIV and lead to AIDS if not manage carefully. Currently, the Antiretroviral drug is supply by WHO and other NGO’s to the world. They required a lot of money to keep ample delivery and production of the drug. Thus, World AIDS Day also used as a platform to increase human right awareness to contribute to reduce the burden of disease.</font></span></p> <p align="justify"><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">AIDS and HIV infection used to be prevented at many level of transmission. There are only 3 ways of transmission:</font></span></p> <ol> <li> <div align="justify"><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Sexual Intercourse – the most common transmission. Thus, many activist and volunteer promote the used of condom to reduce the transmission especially to multiple partner and free sex.</font></span></div> </li> <li> <div align="justify"><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Blood exchange – in this group, the target population is injection drug user who are commonly share syringe. The transmission of HIV virus through blood transfusion is very minimal.</font></span></div> </li> <li> <div align="justify"><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Vertical transmission – it means that mother to child transmission. The mother get infected, the child has very high risk to get HIV infection.</font></span></div> </li> </ol> <p align="justify"><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">There are many ways to prevent us from the HIV transmission. But the awareness of prevention among people is minimal. Thus, World AIDS Day is used to be the medium of prevention of HIV transmission promotion.</font></span></p> <p align="justify"><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">On the other hands, there are also many of them get infected with HIV has problem with the community. There are not treated well in the community because most probably they are afraid of transmission which are only a myth. By this awareness day, we hope the community understand about the HIV and AIDS and they will change their perception towards HIV infected people.</font></span></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3"><font face="Berlin Sans FB"><span>Every year, WORLD AIDS DAY has a theme as their target. 2010 is the continuotion of the theme in 2009 which is Universal Access and Human Right.</span> </font></font></p> <div style="padding-bottom: 0px; margin: 0px auto; padding-left: 0px; width: 502px; padding-right: 0px; display: block; float: none; padding-top: 0px" id="scid:5737277B-5D6D-4f48-ABFC-DD9C333F4C5D:a0f953b7-256a-438f-86a6-3e10a2ba7f90" class="wlWriterSmartContent"> <div style="padding-bottom: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; padding-top: 0px" id="f86ef545-5f57-4fb8-8654-e3218adecf52"> <div><embed height="420" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="502" src="http://www.youtube.com/v/IwTGEsMgLOw&hl=en" /></div> </div> <div style="clear: both; font-size: 0.8em">Universal Access is the think that very important to reduce the number of HIV infected patients. Where were we? We should there for them.. otherwise, who else?</div> </div> <blockquote> <p align="justify"><span><font color="#000000">On World AIDS Day 2010, the global community is focusing attention on protecting human rights of all people affected by HIV.</font></span></p> <p align="justify"><span><font color="#000000">Today, I call on all sectors to protect human rights, including the right to health, and to combat discrimination. Working with people living with HIV is critical for an effective HIV response and Member States need to be mindful of the commitments made in the 2006 Political Declaration on HIV/AIDS to promote better legal and </font><a href="http://lh3.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPWmSMtd0aI/AAAAAAAAAL4/KKQZCYWeubc/s1600-h/dg%5B5%5D.jpg"><font color="#000000"><img style="border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 7px 0px 7px 15px; display: inline; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px" title="dg" border="0" alt="dg" align="right" src="http://lh5.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPWnT7BELxI/AAAAAAAAAL8/BpTRyCt5z1U/dg_thumb%5B3%5D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="106" height="131" /></font></a><font color="#000000">social environments for people to access HIV testing, prevention and  treatment.</font></span></p> <p align="justify"><span><font color="#000000">WHO is firmly committed to the goal of achieving universal access to key HIV services. However, this will not be possible unless we make sure that the human rights of everyone, everywhere, are protected and promoted.</font></span></p> <p align="right"><a href="http://www.who.int/entity/mediacentre/news/statements/2010/AIDS_Day_20101130/en/index.html"><font color="#000000"><span>Dr Margaret Chan, WHO Director-General</span> </font></a></p> </blockquote> <p><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">There are many sector already support the AIDS Day. Where we we now?</font></span></p> <div style="padding-bottom: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; float: none; padding-top: 0px" id="scid:5737277B-5D6D-4f48-ABFC-DD9C333F4C5D:4b3ced88-9760-4459-9e60-693e95e97072" class="wlWriterSmartContent"> <div style="padding-bottom: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; padding-top: 0px" id="ad84cddc-15cc-4066-a472-5d95b16eaff1"> <div><embed height="421" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="505" src="http://www.youtube.com/v/WoOlqzIKTcA&hl=en" /></div> </div> </div> <blockquote> <p align="justify"><span><font color="#000000">Eighty monuments around the world will turn red in support of the (RED) campaign's 2015 goal to have zero children born infected with HIV.</font></span></p> <p align="justify"><span><font color="#000000">As evening sets in Sydney, Australia, the iconic Opera House will be illuminated in red with U2's Bono kicking off the campaign. Time zone by time zone, similarly significant attractions will turn red for just one night. From Table Mountain in South Africa and the London Eye in London to the Empire State Building in New York and LAX in LA, on Wednesday the world will see red as a symbol of hope that an end to the fight against AIDS is near.</font></span></p> <p align="right"><span><a href="http://www.tonic.com/article/the-worlds-illuminated-in-red-for-world-aids-day/"><font color="#000000" size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Tonic.com</font></a></span></p> </blockquote> <p><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">References:</font></span></p> <p><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">1. </font></span><a href="http://www.who.int/hiv/en/"><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">World Health Organization website</font></span></a></p> <p><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">2. </font></span><a href="http://www.aids.gov/"><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">www.AIDS.gov</font></span></a><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"> </font></span></p> <p><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></span></p> <p align="center"><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">-tHaNk yOu-</font></span></p> -fazrul.basir-http://www.blogger.com/profile/18418553695983634511noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4234132793526662440.post-36297630030366695252010-11-28T16:24:00.000+07:002010-12-03T04:28:43.821+07:00Poll of the Week Result…<p align="center"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">[Assalamualaikum & salam sejahtera]</font></p> <p><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Today’s, I wanna share the result of the second Poll of the Week. </font></p> <a href="http://lh4.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPgOkoANEKI/AAAAAAAAANk/wtSimIoI7kM/s1600-h/d%5B5%5D.jpg"><font color="#ffffff" size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"><img style="border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; display: block; float: none; margin-left: auto; border-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; border-right: 0px" title="d" border="0" alt="d" src="http://lh4.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPgPh95YI1I/AAAAAAAAANo/AFbfVsDTgc8/d_thumb%5B3%5D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="492" height="370" /></font></a><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"> </font> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Out 13 people vote to the aspect in which government need to improve, most are vote for healthcare management. Healthcare management required a large no of human resources who are dealing the management without practice as medicine. It is hard to practice both in one time. </font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Healthcare management is referring to the system of patient management. Patient flow in the health center or hospital is very important to reduce the burden of the patient in the hospital. If possible, try to make them feel as their home while queuing to meet healthcare provider.</font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">However, surprisingly, healthcare finance is the least of the vote. That should be indicate that healthcare finance so far, lesser problem to the citizen of patient. Healthcare finance involve area of payment by the patient to the doctor. If they are covered with insurance, thus, they might face no problem but when they are using pay-for-service or out-of-pocket method, they might have problem with this.</font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Other problems are quite evenly distributed. With some improvement in the public health services, they might be increase the trustworthiness of public to the  health department. </font></p> <p align="center"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">-tHaNk yOu-</font></p> -fazrul.basir-http://www.blogger.com/profile/18418553695983634511noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4234132793526662440.post-35904972128178078812010-11-24T20:21:00.000+07:002010-12-02T18:42:09.003+07:00Disaster –view of professional perspective<p align="center"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">[Assalamualaikum & salam sejahtera]</font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Disaster Risk Reduction or known as DRR is always develop from one to another. They learn from the previous experience of disaster. What the professional define it.  Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) measures are designed to protect livelihoods and the assets of communities and individuals from the impact of hazards. </font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Disaster only happen when all this terminology has occur. What it is?</font></p> <p align="justify"><a href="http://lh5.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPb0pn-0xUI/AAAAAAAAAMA/C_DpAJxBlZw/s1600-h/39.%20Conceptual%20Framework%20of%20Disaster%20and%20Disaster%20Management%5B5%5D.jpg"><font color="#ffffff" size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"><img style="border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px" title="39. Conceptual Framework of Disaster and Disaster Management" border="0" alt="39. Conceptual Framework of Disaster and Disaster Management" src="http://lh3.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPb1nOVkD-I/AAAAAAAAAME/s79dbYwqz7M/39.%20Conceptual%20Framework%20of%20Disaster%20and%20Disaster%20Management_thumb%5B3%5D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="492" height="371" /></font></a><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"> </font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">A) Hazard - Hazards are potentially damaging physical events, phenomena or human activities which cause any or all of the following: the loss of life, injury, physical damage, environmental degradation, and social and economic disruption. Examples include both natural hazards such as floods, landslides, cyclones, earthquakes and volcanoes and man-made hazards such as inappropriate policies, accidents, war and conflict. These two classes of hazard are not mutually exclusive and often interact with each other.</font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">B) Risk – Risk is probability and magnitude of the size of impact when there is event of hazard occur. The risk are proportional to hazard and vulnerability and disproportional to capacity. </font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">C) Event – When the hazard already occur.</font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">D) Impact – The impact of the event is when the event has contact to the community or people surround it.</font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">E) Damage – When the impact are too large to handle, the impact caused damage.</font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">F) Disaster – When the damage cannot be handle in that area, which required external sources, then we call it as disaster. If there is no need external resources, we just call it as event.</font></p> <blockquote> <p><font color="#000000" size="3" face="Calibri">…we must shift from a culture of reaction to a culture of prevention…it is more humane… also much cheaper… </font></p> <p align="right"><font color="#000000" size="3" face="Calibri">Kofi Annan, 1999</font></p> </blockquote> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">G) Prevention – any action taken to reduce the hazard by avoiding the hazard or safety precaution</font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">H) Mitigation - reducing the frequency, scale, intensity and impact of hazards</font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">I) Preparedness - strengthening the capacity of communities to withstand, respond to and recover from hazards, and of government, implementing partners.</font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">J) Resilience - the ability of a system to absorb perturbations or stresses without changes in its fundamental structure or function that would drive the system into a different state (or extinction).</font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">     i) Absorbing Capacity – anything that has ability to absorb the impact of event</font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">    ii) Buffering Capacity – anything that being kept as support during the event/disaster</font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">K) Response – any action after the event to reduce the damage when there is an event</font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">L) Recovery Development – action taken to recover or restore better or at least to normal life of the damage after disaster.</font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Here are the example:</font></font></p> <p align="center"><u><font size="5" face="Berlin Sans FB">MERAPI ERUPTION 2010</font></u></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"><a href="http://lh4.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPeDD3hl_mI/AAAAAAAAAMs/hZWTZg5rn6U/s1600-h/10.14Merapi6.jpg"></a></font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"><a href="http://lh4.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPeDD3hl_mI/AAAAAAAAAMw/8uq2d5QOUBg/s1600-h/10.14Merapi7.jpg"><img style="border-right-width: 0px; margin: 7px 0px 7px 10px; display: inline; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px" title="10.14 Merapi" border="0" alt="10.14 Merapi" align="right" src="http://lh4.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPb3hjVD4YI/AAAAAAAAAMU/LxEv_QAd65s/10.14%20Merapi_thumb%5B5%5D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="93" height="76" /></a></font><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">A) In Yogyakarta, there is Mount Merapi which is one of the most active  volcano in the world. </font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">B) There are thousands of people live within 3km from the summit of volcano.</font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"><a href="http://lh3.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPb3ihwuIQI/AAAAAAAAAMY/-qrITMNMR_M/s1600-h/Bali-News-Merapi-Eruption-2010-10-27-3%5B6%5D.jpg"><img style="border-right-width: 0px; margin: 7px 10px 7px 0px; display: inline; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px" title="Bali-News-Merapi-Eruption-2010-10-27-3" border="0" alt="Bali-News-Merapi-Eruption-2010-10-27-3" align="left" src="http://lh3.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPb4fc5v3CI/AAAAAAAAAMc/dQgxaeaVtSg/Bali-News-Merapi-Eruption-2010-10-27-3_thumb%5B4%5D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="117" height="93" /></a> C) On 26 October 2010, the Merapi erupt with such a great scale. Second eruption taken on 5th November 2010 with a greater scale.</font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">D) The eruption produce volcanic ash and hot wave which has been flow to the residential area.<a href="http://lh5.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPb4hLaG1MI/AAAAAAAAAMg/Ku_F0UwN124/s1600-h/foto-setelah-merapi-meletus-jogja-17%5B3%5D.jpg"><img style="border-right-width: 0px; margin: 7px 0px 7px 10px; display: inline; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px" title="foto-setelah-merapi-meletus-jogja-17" border="0" alt="foto-setelah-merapi-meletus-jogja-17" align="right" src="http://lh3.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPb5effbfII/AAAAAAAAAMk/aZKms1K9qQY/foto-setelah-merapi-meletus-jogja-17_thumb%5B1%5D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="244" height="163" /></a></font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">E) The hot wave can reach 600-1000°C with speed of 200-300  KM/hour   where living thing cannot withstand to the extreme heat. Volcanic ash rain to the nearby town and went to as far as 400KM from Merapi. There many  village totally damage with 250 people died due to Merapi eruption 2010. <font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"><a href="http://lh4.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPb5fitD3mI/AAAAAAAAAMo/s5zPyx3P9x8/s1600-h/0204pengungsi%5B8%5D.jpg"><img style="border-right-width: 0px; margin: 7px 10px 7px 0px; display: inline; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px" title="0204pengungsi" border="0" alt="0204pengungsi" align="left" src="http://lh3.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPeDFfcWW8I/AAAAAAAAAM0/Qnuh3fbR_o0/0204pengungsi_thumb6.jpg?imgmax=800" width="150" height="108" /></a></font></font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">F) In that case, there are 40 000-50 000 refugee required many essential living things to continue their life in the refugee camp. External sources required. There are many NGO’s from all over the country bring the donations and services for the refugee. <a href="http://lh3.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPeDGSPi8GI/AAAAAAAAAM4/MOLVGyghP7s/s1600-h/39.ConceptualFrameworkofDisasterandD%5B2%5D.jpg"><img style="border-right-width: 0px; margin: 7px 0px 7px 10px; display: inline; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px" title="39. Conceptual Framework of Disaster and Disaster Management" border="0" alt="39. Conceptual Framework of Disaster and Disaster Management" align="right" src="http://lh6.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPeDHJvmV4I/AAAAAAAAAM8/vRxxEJVXJ3Q/39.ConceptualFrameworkofDisasterandD%5B1%5D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="167" height="126" /></a></font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">G) Merapi are going to be there forever. Some of them given an option to relocation to the safer place for example to the Kalimantan where there is no volcano there.  </font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">H) Badan Nasional Penangunglangan Bencana (BNBP) has create mitigation <a href="http://lh5.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPeDI6DCKlI/AAAAAAAAANE/0U5qs9SOhQo/s1600-h/p20p1lg7.jpg"><img style="border-right-width: 0px; margin: 7px 10px 7px 0px; display: inline; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px" title="p20p1-lg" border="0" alt="p20p1-lg" align="left" src="http://lh3.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPeDJ7cYC9I/AAAAAAAAANI/om2UjSWs62M/p20p1lg_thumb5.jpg?imgmax=800" width="171" height="255" /></a>plan. <strong>Mitigation Plans</strong> form the foundation for a community's  long-term strategy to reduce disaster losses and break the cycle of disaster damage, reconstruction, and repeated damage. The planning process is as important as the plan itself. It creates a framework for risk-based decision making to reduce damages to lives, property, and the economy from future disasters. Hazard mitigation is sustained action taken to reduce or eliminate long-term risk to people and their property from hazards. There is also called hazard mapping that can be consider as mitigation process.<a href="http://lh6.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPeDK02HHsI/AAAAAAAAANM/psFvjeuYF5M/s1600-h/merapi1_afp6.jpg"><img style="border-right-width: 0px; margin: 7px 0px 7px 10px; display: inline; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px" title="INDONESIA-VOLCANO" border="0" alt="INDONESIA-VOLCANO" align="right" src="http://lh5.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPeEHnR_0mI/AAAAAAAAANQ/W--GFT126m4/merapi1_afp_thumb4.jpg?imgmax=800" width="112" height="128" /></a></font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">I) National Volcanologist Agency has authority to determine the danger  zone of vocano. On the 24th October 2010, Dr Surono increase the level of volcano to “alert level 4” which mean that all people surround the Merapi should evacuate to out of 10KM danger zone. All hospital, government agencies and NGO are told to be ready for anytime of eruption.</font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"><a href="http://lh3.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPeEIpLx6gI/AAAAAAAAANU/A13zrcdWKwU/s1600-h/DSC050428.jpg"><img style="border-right-width: 0px; margin: 7px 10px 7px 0px; display: inline; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px" title="DSC05042" border="0" alt="DSC05042" align="left" src="http://lh3.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPeFFQq-k_I/AAAAAAAAANY/mwszrz2z2_k/DSC05042_thumb6.jpg?imgmax=800" width="140" height="85" /></a> J) i) Few years ago, in 2006, the eruption is not as such in 2010. Fortunately, the government already build a dam to facilitate the flow of lava in to the river and not to the residential area. The dam can stand till 75million cubic of lava.<a href="http://lh3.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPeFHHjLVuI/AAAAAAAAANc/Z9767tzPrf8/s1600-h/inventory0205.jpg"><img style="border-right-width: 0px; margin: 7px 0px 7px 10px; display: inline; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px" title="inventory020" border="0" alt="inventory020" align="right" src="http://lh3.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPeGD_twkwI/AAAAAAAAANg/Ox4YiOfPeXo/inventory020_thumb3.jpg?imgmax=800" width="124" height="87" /></a></font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">J ii) Since Merapi eruption happen once in 3-5 years, the hospital already  prepared 10% extra of drugs to any related diseases due to Merapi eruption. This is as emergency buffer drug that might be required for the disaster. </font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">K) Since the eruption happen, the disaster plan taken with many doctors are ready to deliver care to the victim in hospital. Refugee camp built as fast as they could for the refugee, All of these known as response.</font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">L) After Merapi stop erupting, people are recover by develop the area again.</font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">References: </font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">1. <a href="http://www.concernusa.org/media/pdf/2007/10/Concern_ApproachestoDRR%20paper%20-%20final.pdf">Approach to Disaster Risk Reduction, September 2005</a></font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">2. <a href="file:///C:/Users/fazrulbasir/Downloads/Downin_vulnmodule.doc">Kasperson, et al. (2002)</a></font></p> <p align="justify"> </p> <p align="center"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">-tHaNk yOu-  </font></p> -fazrul.basir-http://www.blogger.com/profile/18418553695983634511noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4234132793526662440.post-40745953625178874662010-11-22T00:00:00.000+07:002010-12-01T05:33:27.188+07:00Express yourself here...<!-- Flisti Poll #9426 Begin--><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Berlin Sans FB'; font-size: medium; line-height: 19px; ">[Assalamualaikum & salam sejahtera]</span></div><div><br /></div><b>Poll of the Week:</b><div><br /><div id="flisti-9426"><form method="post" action="http://flisti.com/9426/vote"><div style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 10px">In which aspect should the government improve of health system?</div><div><label><input name="answer[36283]" type="checkbox" value="36283"> Healthcare Delivery</label></div><div><label><input name="answer[36284]" type="checkbox" value="36284"> Healthcare Finance</label></div><div><label><input name="answer[36285]" type="checkbox" value="36285"> Healthcare Infrastructure</label></div><div><label><input name="answer[36286]" type="checkbox" value="36286"> Healthcare Information</label></div><div><label><input name="answer[36287]" type="checkbox" value="36287"> Healthcare Management</label></div><div style="margin-top: 10px"><input type="submit" value="Vote!" style="margin-bottom: 0px"> or <a href="http://flisti.com/9426/results">View Results</a></div><div style="font-size: 12px;margin-top: 10px"><a href="http://flisti.com/">Create your own poll at Flisti.com</a></div></form></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Berlin Sans FB'; font-size: medium; line-height: 19px; "><div style="text-align: center;">-tHaNk yOu-</div></span><!-- Flisti Poll #9426 End --></div>-fazrul.basir-http://www.blogger.com/profile/18418553695983634511noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4234132793526662440.post-68685692588497879682010-11-21T17:23:00.000+07:002010-12-01T05:27:34.867+07:00Poll-of-the-Week Result<p align="center"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">[Assalamualaikum & salam sejahtera]</font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">It is not easy to attract people to fill the poll in such way that there are no rewards to them. However, there is still some of them has an effort to express their opinion through poll.</font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Last week (14-21 November 2010) poll is “Is today's health system of Indonesia met the expectation of citizen?”</font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">The result is:</font></p> <p><a href="http://lh4.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPV5YFqGcLI/AAAAAAAAALI/b6IYMnvsYIw/s1600-h/Presentation1%5B4%5D.jpg"><img style="border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; display: block; float: none; margin-left: auto; border-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; border-right: 0px" title="Presentation1" border="0" alt="Presentation1" src="http://lh6.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPV6VGN4ADI/AAAAAAAAALM/SaVGyrmyiDg/Presentation1_thumb%5B2%5D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="492" height="376" /></a> </p> <p align="center"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">-tHaNk yOu-</font></p> -fazrul.basir-http://www.blogger.com/profile/18418553695983634511noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4234132793526662440.post-65921512857028761732010-11-20T14:48:00.000+07:002010-11-29T15:23:17.777+07:00Here, I’m alone as doctor? Nurse:we are here!!<p align="center"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">[Assalamualaikum & salam sejahtera]</font></p> <p align="center"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">In contrast to the previous post which there are many healthcare professional in one area. Now, I want to express my opinion on the problem shortage of doctor in primary health care or primary health center.</font></p> <p align="justify"><a href="http://lh6.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPNdBtHU_jI/AAAAAAAAAJ8/8cCtp80XWPE/s1600-h/s34.jpg"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"><img style="border-right-width: 0px; display: block; float: none; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; margin-left: auto; border-left-width: 0px; margin-right: auto" title="s3" border="0" alt="s3" src="http://lh4.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPNd_thiXAI/AAAAAAAAAKA/q2X6eliR6wQ/s3_thumb2.jpg?imgmax=800" width="492" height="291" /></font></a></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">The current shortage of healthcare professionals has become a global problems. The major factor contributor to this is brain drain from the rural to urban area, from poorer country to richer countries. </font><a href="http://www.who.int/whr/2006/en/"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">World Health Report 2006</font></a><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"> suggest that several wealthy countries of the world rely heavily on physicians from other countries. </font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">The report describes the situation of New Zealand and Great Britain, where one third of the active physicians are from abroad, as well as the USA and Canada, whose physician workforces consist of nearly one quarter foreign physicians.  On the other side, some African countries, such as South Africa, Ghana and Angola have lost 20 to 35 % of their physicians to emigration.This situation leaves some of the poorest countries of the world with nearly no physicians. While many wealthy countries have a physician to population ratio of 1 to 500, in Malawi, for instance, this ratio is 1 to 50.000. According to the WHO, a total of 57 countries, mostly in sub-Saharan Africa, but also including Bangladesh, India and Indonesia, face serious health workforce shortages. </font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></p> <p align="justify"><a href="http://lh6.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPNeAwETigI/AAAAAAAAAKE/hKHyPRTdU64/s1600-h/Slide13.jpg"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"><img style="border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px" title="Slide1" border="0" alt="Slide1" src="http://lh4.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPNe_WLPlDI/AAAAAAAAAKI/mi40cuvq62E/Slide1_thumb1.jpg?imgmax=800" width="492" height="333" /></font></a></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">That's only one part of the problem, then it comes to second part of the problem which is the demand. At the same time, the demand for health care is rising. In high- and middle-income countries, large populations of ageing people and changing patterns of disease mean a steady growth in the demands on health services. Low-income countries continue to deal with an unfinished agenda of infectious diseases and emerging chronic illness 1. Meeting the commitments to combat disease, reduce child mortality and improve maternal health, as enshrined in the Millennium Development Goals, will involve strengthening health systems so that they are capable of delivering a wide range of health services on a scale much larger than at present.</font></p> <p align="justify"> </p> <p align="justify"><font size="3"><font face="Berlin Sans FB">I</font></font><font size="3"><font face="Berlin Sans FB">n response to the worldwide health workforce shortage, the WHO  has developed <strong><a href="http://www.who.int/healthsystems/TTR-TaskShifting.pdf">Global Recommendations and Guidelines on Task Shifting</a>.</strong></font></font></p> <p align="justify"><strong><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></strong></p> <p align="justify"><strong><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">There the problems. The solution is task-shifting. What is task shifting?</font></strong></p> <p align="justify"> </p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Task shifting is the name now given to a process whereby specific tasks are moved, where appropriate, to health workers with shorter training and<a href="http://lh3.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPNfBBBPz_I/AAAAAAAAAKM/7Dysj-flSWQ/s1600-h/ds%5B8%5D.jpg"><img style="border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 7px 0px 7px 15px; display: inline; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px" title="ds" border="0" alt="ds" align="right" src="http://lh6.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPNgAVlRTqI/AAAAAAAAAKQ/a3s42rKx2dc/ds_thumb%5B4%5D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="244" height="210" /></a> fewer qualifications. By reorganizing the workforce in this way, task shifting  can make more efficient use of existing human resources and ease bottlenecks in service delivery. Where further additional human resources are needed, task shifting may also involve the delegation of some clearly delineated tasks to newly created cadres of health workers who receive specific, competency-based training.  Task shifting alone will not put an end to the shortage of health workers but it may offer the only realistic possibility of expanding health workforce capacity fast enough to meet the urgent need for health care services.</font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Transfer of tasks and skills in Health,Dr AKA Kroo Florent,Medical Association of Ivory Coast presented to the </font><a href="http://www.wma.net/en/20activities/40healthsystems/20scopeofpractice/final_report_reykjavik_03_2009.pdf"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">SEMINAR OF THE WORLD MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, Human resources for health & the future of health care Reykjavík, Iceland, 8 & 9 March 2009</font></a><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"> that in Ivory Coast, the shortage of health personnel has made the country try to apply the task shifting system. The Ivory Coast suffers from a shortage of health‐care structures in rural areas of the country; under‐equipped and unequally distributed structures with insufficient RHS. The difficulties in accessing care are compounded by precarious and laborious means of evacuation in an emergency. Nurses and midwives are authorized to prescribe a certain number of drugs, for which they are fully accountable (list).</font></p> <p align="justify"> </p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Why it is very important to take action on the shortage of health care management?</font></p> <p align="justify"><a href="http://lh5.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPNgBxW23JI/AAAAAAAAAKU/u6tql0onMc4/s1600-h/s23.jpg"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"><img style="border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px" title="s2" border="0" alt="s2" src="http://lh4.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPNg_dCL2WI/AAAAAAAAAKY/rzdAbxRzaLU/s2_thumb1.jpg?imgmax=800" width="492" height="297" /></font></a><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"> </font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">It is very important to provide sufficient access of health to the citizens. Access of health is affect by many factors. One of them is the availability of health care providers.  it is already proven that to the area with high density of health care provider has higher chances of survival as compare to the area with low density of health workers.</font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">The concept has been spreading rapidly and with intense urgency among providers of HIV prevention, care, and treatment services in many regions of Africa. Studies consistently show that task shifting in the provision of HIV services (such as distributing antiretroviral therapy) and other areas of healthcare can increase access, improve the coverage and quality of health services, and reduce the costs of providing services.</font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"><a href="http://lh4.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPNhBIJU3GI/AAAAAAAAAKc/PeB-F-O8-Oc/s1600-h/Slide1%20%282%29%5B4%5D.jpg"><img style="border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; display: block; float: none; margin-left: auto; border-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; border-right: 0px" title="Slide1 (2)" border="0" alt="Slide1 (2)" src="http://lh4.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPNh-UqzKvI/AAAAAAAAAKg/cr6cVWvK1dE/Slide1%20%282%29_thumb%5B2%5D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="492" height="85" /></a> <a href="http://lh6.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPNh_JAWeuI/AAAAAAAAAKk/WSlX05mSSW8/s1600-h/Slide2%5B4%5D.jpg"><img style="border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; display: block; float: none; margin-left: auto; border-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; border-right: 0px" title="Slide2" border="0" alt="Slide2" src="http://lh4.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPNi8tfyP2I/AAAAAAAAAKo/CWgOhNmC5fc/Slide2_thumb%5B2%5D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="492" height="81" /></a> </font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">According to the WHO, Indonesia as well as many other countries in Africa has high number of nurses and midwives as compare to the doctor. Thus, this suggests an important opportunity to train nurses and other mid-level providers to offer clinical methods of contraception such as IUDs, implants, and female sterilization. Decades of evidence show that nurses and other mid-level providers can safely deliver these long-acting and permanent methods (LAPMs), although the practice is not yet widespread.</font></p> <p><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></p> <p><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Here are one story of the impact of shortage of doctor in Africa:</font></p> <blockquote> <p align="justify"><font color="#000000">“<font size="3" face="Calibri">On a busy weekday at a rural family planning clinic in Senegal, a young woman enters the newly built facility. She announces that she is interested in birth control and would like to meet with a healthcare provider. The clinic is staffed by two registered nurses, a community nurse, and a doctor. But the doctor splits his time between this clinic and another one in a more urban area. Today he is at the urban centre.</font></font> </p> <p align="justify"><font color="#000000" size="3" face="Calibri">After a short wait, the woman meets with one of the nurses. Upon learning about all the contraceptive methods for which she is eligible, the woman decides to try an intrauterine device (IUD), because she wants to prevent pregnancy for at least a few years and prefers a nonhormonal method that requires no daily or monthly upkeep. Unfortunately, the nurse says that she is not allowed to insert IUDs. She also tells the woman that the doctor who inserts them will not be back until next week. Discouraged and unwilling to try another method, the woman leaves for her long journey home--unprotected from an unintended pregnancy. Maybe she will be able to return to the clinic next week. Maybe she won't.”</font> </p> <p align="right"><a href="http://www.fhi.org/en/RH/Pubs/mera/task_shifting.htm"><font color="#0000ff">Africa Health, November 2009: <br />Task shifting is expanding the roles of family planning providers</font></a></p> </blockquote> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"><em>References:</em></font></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#c0c0c0" size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"><em>1.  </em></font><a href="http://www.fhi.org/en/RH/Pubs/mera/task_shifting.htm"><font color="#c0c0c0" size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"><em>Africa Health, November 2009: Task shifting is expanding the roles of family planning providers</em></font></a></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#c0c0c0" size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"><em>2. </em></font><a href="http://www.who.int/whr/2006/en/"><font color="#c0c0c0" size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"><em>World Health Organization.The world health report 2006: working together for health.</em></font></a></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#c0c0c0" size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"><em>3. </em></font><a href="http://www.wma.net/en/20activities/40healthsystems/20scopeofpractice/final_report_reykjavik_03_2009.pdf"><font color="#c0c0c0" size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"><em>SEMINAR OF THE WORLD MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, Human resources for health & the future of health care Reykjavík, Iceland, 8 & 9 March 2009</em></font></a></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#c0c0c0" size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"><em>4.  </em></font><a href="http://www.who.int/healthsystems/task_shifting/en/"><font color="#c0c0c0" size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"><em>Task shifting : rational redistribution of tasks among health workforce teams : global recommendations and guidelines.</em></font></a></p> <p align="justify"> </p> <p align="center"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">-tHaNk yOu-</font></p> -fazrul.basir-http://www.blogger.com/profile/18418553695983634511noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4234132793526662440.post-37793248864795296662010-11-18T23:31:00.000+07:002010-11-28T11:31:57.421+07:00Am I working alone here???<p align="center"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">[Assalamualaikum & salam sejahtera]</font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Health care system is of the important element in health system beside health finances. Health care system consists more than one profession or known as multiprofession. When there are more than one profession, it is impossible that we are dealing with intraprofession but also interprofession. Today’s, there are many university already start with interprofessionalism course in the learning period. </font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">As such in Faculty of Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, there is a week in the block that teach and share the knowledge of the interprofessionalism. This topic looks like simple process but it is actually harder that medicine. It needs several skill to fulfill the needs of interprofessionalism.</font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Before I describe the interprofessionalism, let me introduce what are the healthcare professional there in the clinical setting (hospital). Basically, according to British Medical Association (BMA), there are 3 broad healthcare professional in the healthcare system. </font></p> <a href="http://lh3.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPHW6WzMn2I/AAAAAAAAAIk/cL17r_HBCjk/s1600-h/index3.jpg"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"><img style="border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px" title="index" border="0" alt="index" src="http://lh4.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPHX4NzWS8I/AAAAAAAAAIo/e70wquZKR0o/index_thumb1.jpg?imgmax=800" width="492" height="329" /></font></a> <ol> <li> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Doctors – General practitioner,  GP specialty registrar, lecturer, medical student, researcher, specialist, consultant,  junior doctor, senior doctor</font></p> </li> <li> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Nerve & Midwives – Health advisor specialist, clinical nurse specialist, nursery nurse, nurse consultant, nursing auxiliary, staff nurse, specialist nurse</font></p> </li> <li> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Allied Health Professionals – Dietician, Assistant practitioner, optometrist, audiologist, orthontist, counseling psychologist, radiographer ‘diagnostic</font></p> </li> </ol> <h1><a href="http://lh3.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPHW6WzMn2I/AAAAAAAAAIk/cL17r_HBCjk/s1600-h/index3.jpg"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></a></h1> <p><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">* to read for full list of health professional, </font><a href="http://www.bma.org.uk/patients_public/whos_who_healthcare/listprofgroup.jsp#Doctors" target="_blank"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">click here</font></a><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">.</font></p> <p align="justify"> </p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">When the patient comes, there might be a referring system that almost delay in diagnosis and therapy. A complex interaction that has gaps and overlaps/redundancies. Gaps can impact the patient safety because there is no professional attend to them and thus indirectly worsen the quality of care. Where as, overlaps and redundancies has impact on access, efficient used of resources, and consistencies among healthcare professional. Thus, it is very important today’s learning process to include interprofesionalism course. </font></p> <p><a href="http://lh6.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPHX5ImcKzI/AAAAAAAAAIs/UQWXT99yync/s1600-h/Picture1%5B4%5D.jpg"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"><img style="border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; display: inline; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px" title="Picture1" border="0" alt="Picture1" src="http://lh5.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPHY2ANfQEI/AAAAAAAAAIw/vjXgGClKZqo/Picture1_thumb%5B2%5D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="492" height="402" /></font></a><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"> </font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="2" face="Berlin Sans FB"><em>source: <a href="www.interprofessionalcare.mcgill.ca/conferences/SOL-2006.ppt" target="_blank">N. Posel, S. Faremo & D. Fleiszer; Moving toward the development of Interprofessional e-Cases;presented in Slice of Life, 18th International Meeting for medical Multimedia Developers and Educators, University of Lausanne, Switzerlnd, 4-8 July 2006</a></em></font></p> <p><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></p> <p><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">How these healthcare professional are working together?</font></p> <p><a href="http://lh6.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPHY3RArT9I/AAAAAAAAAI0/oQyJrqGIthk/s1600-h/Picture2%5B5%5D.png"><img style="border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; display: inline; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px" title="Picture2" border="0" alt="Picture2" src="http://lh3.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPHZ0R8kxzI/AAAAAAAAAI4/Qbf1FmXq7ck/Picture2_thumb%5B3%5D.png?imgmax=800" width="492" height="247" /></a> </p> <p><font size="2" face="Berlin Sans FB"><em>source: <a href="www.interprofessionalcare.mcgill.ca/conferences/SOL-2006.ppt" target="_blank">N. Posel, S. Faremo & D. Fleiszer; Moving toward the development of Interprofessional e-Cases;presented in Slice of Life, 18th International Meeting for medical Multimedia Developers and Educators, University of Lausanne, Switzerlnd, 4-8 July 2006</a></em></font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Uniprofessional plan of care comparison is one the method to understand the role of each professional in the healthcare system. When a patient comes, they will know who are going to deliver the care and when each of the health professional needs the other healthcare professional. Working as a team has many advantages. Thus, interprofessional is very important to avoid the misunderstanding.</font>  </p> <p align="justify"> </p> <blockquote> <p><font color="#000000" size="3" face="Calibri"><strong>Cross-sectoral interprofessional collaboration during health crises</strong></font></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#000000" size="3" face="Calibri">“In 2005, northern Pakistan experienced a severe earthquake resulting in thousands of injuries. Relief efforts were particularly challenging in isolated mountain communities. A wound clinic was eventually opened within a partially constructed hotel, but had no source of water, making infection control extremely difficult. One of the volunteer health workers took the initiative to locate a trained plumber who was able to provide the clinic with a constant source of clean water within 48 hours. In this situation, seeking expertise outside of the conventional health-care team ensured earthquake victims were able to receive quality health-services in spite of the difficult circumstances (52). This is a common occurrence in emergency situations where collaboration across sectors can be essential to improving health outcomes (48).”</font></p> <p align="right"><a href="http://www.who.int/hrh/nursing_midwifery/en/" target="_blank"><font color="#ffff00" size="2" face="Calibri">Framework for Action on Interprofessional Education & Collaborative Practice(WHO/HRH/HPN/10.3)</font></a></p> </blockquote> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Here is the examples the needs of interprofessionalism. It is very important especially in emergency case and disaster management. It is very important that each one of the healthcare professional can not work alone. </font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">To capture current interprofessional activities at a global level, the WHO Study Group on Interprofessional Education and Collaborative Practice conducted an international environmental scan between February and May 2008. The aim of this scan was to:</font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Determine the current status of interprofessional </font></p> <ul> <li> <div align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">*   Determine the current status of interprofessional education globally <br />*   Identify best practices <br />*  Illuminate examples of successes, barriers and enabling factors in interprofessional education.</font></div> </li> </ul> <p align="justify"> <br /><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">A total of 396 respondents, representing 42 countries from each of the six WHO regions, provided insight about their respective interprofessional education programmes. These individuals represent various fields including practice (14.1 per cent), administration (10.6 per cent), education (50.4 per cent) and research (11.6 per cent). <br /></font><a href="http://lh3.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPHZ1rwHsEI/AAAAAAAAAI8/IVdMNXlD_dU/s1600-h/Presentation1%5B4%5D.jpg"><img style="border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; display: inline; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px" title="Presentation1" border="0" alt="Presentation1" src="http://lh6.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPHayyJ1BpI/AAAAAAAAAJA/zbQUIWVb-7s/Presentation1_thumb%5B2%5D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="492" height="398" /></a></p> <p align="justify"><font size="2" face="Berlin Sans FB"><em>sources: </em></font><font color="#ffffff" size="2" face="Berlin Sans FB"><em><a href="http://www.who.int/hrh/nursing_midwifery/en/" target="_blank">Framework for Action on Interprofessional Education & Collaborative Practice(WHO/HRH/HPN/10.3)</a></em></font><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Results indicate that interprofessional education takes place in</font><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"> countries and healthcare settings across a range of income categories.* It involves students from a broad range of disciplines including allied health, medicine, midwifery, nursing and social work.</font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">References:</font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">1. </font><a href="www.interprofessionalcare.mcgill.ca/conferences/SOL-2006.ppt" target="_blank"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">N. Posel, S. Faremo & D. Fleiszer; Moving toward the development of Interprofessional e-Cases;presented in Slice of Life, 18th International Meeting for medical Multimedia Developers and Educators, University of Lausanne, Switzerlnd, 4-8 July 2006</font></a></p> <p align="justify"><font face="Berlin Sans FB"><font size="3">2. <font color="#ffffff"><em><a href="http://www.who.int/hrh/nursing_midwifery/en/" target="_blank">Framework for Action on Interprofessional Education & Collaborative Practice(WHO/HRH/HPN/10.3)</a></em></font></font><em><font size="2"></font></em></font><font size="3"></font></p> <p><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></p> <p><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></p> <p align="center"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">-tHaNk yOu-</font></p> -fazrul.basir-http://www.blogger.com/profile/18418553695983634511noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4234132793526662440.post-33125549948542392622010-11-17T23:53:00.000+07:002010-11-28T15:22:46.270+07:00[happy Eid-uL-Adha]<p align="center"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">[Assalamualaikum & salam sejahtera]</font></p> <p align="center"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Almighty Allah says in the Holy Quran, Chapter 22 Verse 34 :</font></p> <p align="center"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">"And to every nation we have appointed acts of devotion (sacrifice) that they may mention the name of Allah on what He has given them of the cattle quadrupeds; and your God is one God, therefore to Him should you submit, and give good news to the humble whose hearts tremble when Allah is mentioned, and those who are patient under that which afflicts them"</font></p> <p align="justify"><a href="http://lh5.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPIKinOMkjI/AAAAAAAAAJE/N0-Awyrfmws/s1600-h/aidiladha7%5B5%5D.jpg"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"><img style="border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; display: block; float: none; margin-left: auto; border-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; border-right: 0px" title="aidiladha7" border="0" alt="aidiladha7" src="http://lh6.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPILgIXbzOI/AAAAAAAAAJI/lVF62N9LxG4/aidiladha7_thumb%5B3%5D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="278" height="244" /></font></a><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"> </font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Today’s is one of the big celebration for Muslim in the world.  Eid- Ul- Adha is one of the special festivals of Muslim. Eid- Ul –Adha is also known as Bakr- Eid and festival of sacrifice. On this festival Muslims sacrifice their domestic animals like goat (Bakr- Eid), sheep, camel etc. This sacrifice made by Muslims is a symbol of sacrifice made by prophet Abraham.</font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">The Festival of the Sacrifice is one of two major Islamic celebrations and takes place on </font><a href="http://lh6.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPILhcDOnMI/AAAAAAAAAJM/hQ3KwtRNd_A/s1600-h/125808%2Cxcitefun-109400%5B13%5D.gif"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"><a href="http://lh6.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPILhcDOnMI/AAAAAAAAAJQ/HeIqI2D6it8/s1600-h/125808%2Cxcitefun-109400%5B15%5D.gif"><img style="border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 7px 0px 7px 10px; display: inline; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px" title="125808,xcitefun-109400" border="0" alt="125808,xcitefun-109400" align="right" src="http://lh5.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPINb2LH9fI/AAAAAAAAAJY/C1EgHnjffaI/125808%2Cxcitefun-109400_thumb%5B13%5D.gif?imgmax=800" width="240" height="225" /></a></font></a><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">the Islamic month Dhul-Hijjah, in which millions of Muslims from around the world make an annual pilgrimage to Makkah in order to worship Allah and to commemorate the willingness of the Prophet Abraham (PBUH) to sacrifice his son Ishmael in response to a command from God. Satisfied with Abraham’s devotion, God replaced Ishmael with a sheep at the last second, and the sheep was slaughtered instead. While pilgrims in Makkah re-enact this scene by slaughtering sheep of their own, Muslims who can afford it in the rest of the world also participate in this rite by slaughtering sheep, camels and cows.</font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"> During the celebration of Eid al-Adha, Muslims commemorate and remember Abraham’s trials, by themselves slaughtering an animal Allah has given us power over animals and allowed us to eat meat. That is why Muslims slaughter animals by saying the name of Allah at the time of slaughtering. And give charity to the poor and impoverished by making contributions and distributing meat for Allah. <br /></font></p> <p align="justify"><a href="http://lh6.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPINc3HgTwI/AAAAAAAAAJc/6fz4WoNBrrY/s1600-h/beef-organic-FD-lg%5B4%5D.jpg"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"><a href="http://lh6.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPINc3HgTwI/AAAAAAAAAJg/XUaic8fRaUw/s1600-h/beef-organic-FD-lg%5B5%5D.jpg"><img style="border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 7px 10px 7px 0px; display: inline; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px" title="beef-organic-FD-lg" border="0" alt="beef-organic-FD-lg" align="left" src="http://lh6.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPIPW0Q8HdI/AAAAAAAAAJo/PRXKcpomHNU/beef-organic-FD-lg_thumb%5B3%5D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="253" height="220" /></a></font></a><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"> These acts certainly spread happiness and good cheer amongst so many individuals and their families, especially during the festival of Eid-ul-Adha where Muslims are in the spirit of celebrations. <br /></font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">The meat from the sacrifice of Eid al-Adha is mostly given away to others. One-third is eaten by immediate family and relatives, one-third is given away to friends, and one-third is donated to the poor.</font></p> <p align="center"> <br /><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">“It is not their meat nor their blood that reaches Allah; it is your piety that reaches Him.” (Qur’an 22:37)</font></p> <blockquote> <p align="justify"><font color="#000000" size="3" face="Calibri">Here are some benefits of eating meat for health, according to Buzzle:</font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3"><font face="Calibri"><font color="#000000"><strong>Protein</strong> <br />Meat is a rich source of protein, which is needed by the body in very high quantities. Proteins play an important role for various body functions, including development, tissue repair and formation of antibodies that fight infections.</font></font></font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3"><font face="Calibri"><font color="#000000"><strong>Mineral</strong> <br />Meat contains a number of minerals, especially rich in iron, zinc and selenium. The body needs iron to form hemoglobin necessary for transporting oxygen from the lungs to other body parts.</font></font></font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3"><font face="Calibri"><font color="#000000"><strong>Vitamin</strong> <br />Vitamins which are most prominent in meat are vitamin A, B complex (B1, B2, B3, B5, B6 and B12) and D. Vitamin A promotes good vision, support the development of bones and teeth and maintaining healthy skin. Vitamin B supports the central nervous system and improving mental health. And vitamin D to increase calcium and phosphorus, which in turn maintain healthy bones and teeth.</font></font></font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3"><font face="Calibri"><font color="#000000"><strong>Fat</strong> <br />Fatty acids in meat are linoleic acid and palmiotelik. These fats can prevent the body from cancer and harmful viruses. The body also needs fat for brain development.</font></font></font></p> </blockquote> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">But, besides the benefits above, eating meat without balancing could be harmful for health.</font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Over eating Meat not only affects our health; it also has an effect on the environment, the morals, and the economies.</font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Just remember that eating meat “regularly is good for our health” because it supplies some of the essential nutrients that our body needs, but if you eat too much of it, of course there are some disadvantages which I will enumerate some of them below.</font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></p> <blockquote> <p align="justify"><font color="#000000" size="3" face="Calibri">Here are some disfavors of eating a lot of meat:</font></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#000000" size="3" face="Calibri"><strong>Meat contains no fiber </strong></font></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#000000" size="3" face="Calibri">Fiber helps the digestive system in the body. Without fiber, the body is at high risk of certain diseases such as cancer and heart problems. That’s why the people, who eat meat without balanced incessantly during Eid with other healthy lifestyle, are at high risk of cancer.</font></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#000000" size="3" face="Calibri"><strong></strong></font></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#000000" size="3" face="Calibri"><strong>High saturated fat</strong> <br />Saturated fat, of course is not good for health. This is the main enemy for the blood vessels and heart. Over eating meat impairs the heart’s ability to do its job. Meat and dairy products are high in cholesterol and saturated fat. As these fatty substances, or “plaques,” build up inside the walls of arteries, blood flow to all areas of the body is impeded. This artery damage is called atherosclerosis. The result, many people have cardiovascular disease because of the habit of eating meat. Avoiding over eating meat is one of the best and simplest ways to cut down your fat consumption. Those who still eat beef are, in my view, foolishly exposing themselves to the risk of contracting the horrifying human version of Mad Cow Disease.</font></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#000000" size="3" face="Calibri"><strong></strong></font></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#000000" size="3" face="Calibri"><strong>High in nitrate and salt <br /></strong>Processed meats such as bacon, hot dogs, ham and others are very bad for health. Meat can bring long-term negative effects because is contain many nitrates and salt as a preservative. High content of nitrate and salt can cause high blood pressure and trigger cardio vascular diseases like heart disease and stroke.</font></p> </blockquote> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Moreover, Anaemia, appendicitis, arthritis, breast cancer, cancer of the colon, cancer of the prostate, constipation, diabetes, gall stones, gout, high blood pressure, indigestion, obesity, piles, strokes and varicose veins are just some of the well known disorders which are more likely to affect big-meat-eaters.</font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">If you really want to eat meat, keep in mind not to eat meat every day, give your body a break because meat is food that is hard to digest. But meat is still needed for health, especially for children who are in its growth age.</font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Here’s the good news: Now that we know the disadvantages of over eating meat during Eid-ul-Adha, we can prevent them. Studies have shown that using of vegetable with meat.</font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"> </font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">The moral of whole text is that meat has always stayed as a rich source of food in terms of taste, nutrients and <font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"><a href="http://lh3.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPIPYF7c4sI/AAAAAAAAAJs/Kq-4BUh30y8/s1600-h/Balance_plate%5B5%5D.gif"><img style="border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 7px 0px 7px 10px; display: inline; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px" title="Balance_plate" border="0" alt="Balance_plate" align="right" src="http://lh4.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPIQVwjulnI/AAAAAAAAAJw/j1KHV6PjMmw/Balance_plate_thumb%5B3%5D.gif?imgmax=800" width="289" height="240" /></a></font>also medicinally at times. The advantages of having meat are helpful to younger people in the process of growth and they reach the elder ones as well. The invaluable source of food, the meat has been serving the people from times immemorial. But the overness of every thing cause malady and in diet cause harmful health.</font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Eating meat should also be balanced with healthy foods like vegetables and fruits, and do not forget to exercise regularly.</font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">I am just painting a picture for you; if you will empathize it, it will be good for you and if you will not so good luck to you.</font></p> <p align="justify"> <br /><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">References:</font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">1. </font><a href="http://thefinancialdaily.com/news/health-environment/eid-ul-adha-towards-meat%E2%80%99s-overness-27575.aspx"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Ali Zhoraiz Jaffri, Eid-uL-Adha towards meat’s overness, 14-Nov-2010, The financial Daily</font></a></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">2. </font><a href="http://www.articlesbase.com/education-articles/eiduladha-1503989.html#ixzz16YbT4tel"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Dr. Ashiq Hussain, Eid-uL-Adha, 25-Nov-2009, articlebased.com</font></a></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></p> <p align="justify"><a href="http://lh6.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPIQW01cOzI/AAAAAAAAAJ0/qzrFxHPEhH0/s1600-h/shr%5B6%5D.jpg"><img style="border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; display: block; float: none; margin-left: auto; border-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; border-right: 0px" title="shr" border="0" alt="shr" src="http://lh6.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPIRUzekF5I/AAAAAAAAAJ4/1ND97F2w7yk/shr_thumb%5B4%5D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="343" height="495" /></a> <font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></p> <p align="justify"> </p> <p align="center"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">-tHaNk yOu-</font></p> -fazrul.basir-http://www.blogger.com/profile/18418553695983634511noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4234132793526662440.post-65334163755231620392010-11-14T20:11:00.000+07:002010-11-28T13:55:28.565+07:00Disaster-A way to educate the community<p align="center"><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">[Assalamualaikum & salam sejahtera]</font></span></p> <p align="justify"><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Referring to my previous, i’m too early for the disaster. However, i’m very interested to share information on how the government educate the people who are in the risk area. In the few weeks, there are many disaster happen in Indonesia. It starts with the flood disaster in Wasior, West Papua.</font></span></p> <blockquote> <p><span>(10th October 2010)</span><a href="http://lh5.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPCQEFEYfZI/AAAAAAAAAIM/nM74sGYhUEs/s1600-h/wasior_west_papua_indonesia_today%5B3%5D.jpg"><img style="border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px" title="wasior_west_papua_indonesia_today" border="0" alt="wasior_west_papua_indonesia_today" src="http://lh3.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPCRB3dLybI/AAAAAAAAAIQ/PfosdbvW-VY/wasior_west_papua_indonesia_today_thumb%5B1%5D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="452" height="340" /></a></p> <p align="justify"><span>“At around 4 am East Indonesian Time on Monday, October 4, 2010, a ferocious flash floods hit Wasior the capital city of Wondama Bay regency. Within minutes the city inundated with a raging stream of water. The flood destroys houses, cars and whatever else was on its path. 65 people were reported dead and 76 were seriously injured with dozens are still missing. Local residents describe the event as a small tsunami. “</span></p> <p align="right"><a href="http://www.jakartaupdates.com/2010/10/wasior-flash-flood-was-not-a-natural-phenomenon-%E2%80%93-walhi" target="_blank"><span>Jakarta Updates</span></a></p> </blockquote> <p align="justify"><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Then, after the disaster management still in the process, volcanic activity of Mount Merapi increasing significantly. Thus, evacuation of the people living in the Merapi Mount area is started and this is officially that disaster management has begun.</font></span></p> <blockquote> <p align="justify"><span>"Officials have predicted that if it erupts, magma would flow to the southern side," said Sri Purnomo, the head of Sleman regency, where Mount Merapi is located. He said officials were warning some 11,400 villagers living on the mountain's southern slope to prepare for "urgent evacuation." About 40,000 people live close to the mountain.</span></p> <p align="right"><span>Sri Purnomo, the head of Sleman regency</span></p> <p align="right"><a href="http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2010/10/25/authorities-warns-merapi-could-erupt-any-time.html" target="_blank"><span>The Jakarta Post</span></a></p> </blockquote> <p align="justify"><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">It is not an easy task to evacuate 40 000 people out of danger area. Not all the people there want to evacuate as they believe that the Merapi is still not dangerous. Not so long after that, there are earthquake and tsunami in the Mentawai Islands, Sumatera. When its comes to earthquake and tsunami, it is totally disaster.</font></span></p> <p><a href="http://lh3.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPCRDG8OUvI/AAAAAAAAAIU/Uz50MoMflJg/s1600-h/CARTOON-SORROW-web%5B3%5D.jpg"><img style="border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px" title="CARTOON-SORROW-web" border="0" alt="CARTOON-SORROW-web" src="http://lh5.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPCSA4EJABI/AAAAAAAAAIY/1LDs8wKWMCk/CARTOON-SORROW-web_thumb%5B1%5D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="489" height="327" /></a> </p> <p align="justify"><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Indonesia is an archipelago in Southeast Asia consisting of 17,000 islands (6,000 inhabited) and straddling the equator. The largest islands are Sumatra, Java (the most populous), Bali, Kalimantan (Indonesia's part of Borneo), Sulawesi (Celebes), the Nusa Tenggara islands, the Moluccas Islands, and Irian Jaya (also called West Papua), the western part of New Guinea. Its neighbor to the north is Malaysia and to the east is Papua New Guinea.</font></span></p> <p align="justify"><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Indonesia, part of the “ring of fire,” has the largest number of active volcanoes in the world. Earthquakes are frequent. Wallace's line, a zoological demarcation between Asian and Australian flora and fauna, divides Indonesia.</font></span></p> <p align="justify"><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Read more: </font></span><span><a href="http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0107634.html#ixzz16SF07o86" target="_blank"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Indonesia: History, Geography, Government, and Culture</font></a> </span></p> <p><a href="http://lh6.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPCSCoh3vnI/AAAAAAAAAIc/JF8WAl9voVI/s1600-h/rekor5%5B5%5D.jpg"><img style="border-right-width: 0px; display: block; float: none; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; margin-left: auto; border-left-width: 0px; margin-right: auto" title="rekor5" border="0" alt="rekor5" src="http://lh6.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TPCS_xg2fKI/AAAAAAAAAIg/ZPZI2GYj3To/rekor5_thumb%5B3%5D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="434" height="371" /></a> </p> <p align="justify"><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Since, Indonesia are very risky to the natural disaster and man-made disaster, what are the promotion has been made by the government in order to deliver this message to the community?</font></span></p> <p align="justify"><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">While I’m browsing for the information, I have found one interesting fact that the Indonesia government has made it in a comics form and the comic is suitable for everyone and has for almost all disaster that might takes place in Indonesia.</font></span></p> <p><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Here are some examples related to the disaster comic made by Yayasan IDEP, Comunity Based Disaster Management.</font> <br /></p> <object id="doc_702750597007292" name="doc_702750597007292" height="600" width="100%" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" data="http://d1.scribdassets.com/ScribdViewer.swf" style="outline:none;"> <param name="movie" value="http://d1.scribdassets.com/ScribdViewer.swf"> <param name="wmode" value="opaque"> <param name="bgcolor" value="#ffffff"> <param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"> <param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always"> <param name="FlashVars" value="document_id=44119283&access_key=key-y91mo5835eclkr9t3hm&page=1&viewMode=list"> <embed id="doc_702750597007292" name="doc_702750597007292" src="http://d1.scribdassets.com/ScribdViewer.swf?document_id=44119283&access_key=key-y91mo5835eclkr9t3hm&page=1&viewMode=list" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" height="600" width="100%" wmode="opaque" bgcolor="#ffffff"></embed> </object> <br /> <p align="center"><font size="3"><font face="Berlin Sans FB"><span>Volcanic Eruption</span> <br /></font></font> <br /></p> <a style="margin: 12px auto 6px; display: block; font: 14px helvetica,arial,sans-serif; text-decoration: underline; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -x-system-font: none" title="View 2007 Idep Oxfam 02 Tsunami on Scribd" href="http://www.scribd.com/doc/44119386/2007-Idep-Oxfam-02-Tsunami"></a> <object id="doc_231188019070907" name="doc_231188019070907" height="600" width="100%" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" data="http://d1.scribdassets.com/ScribdViewer.swf" style="outline:none;"> <param name="movie" value="http://d1.scribdassets.com/ScribdViewer.swf"> <param name="wmode" value="opaque"> <param name="bgcolor" value="#ffffff"> <param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"> <param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always"> <param name="FlashVars" value="document_id=44119386&access_key=key-25br0fn3mgr1i55vvhz0&page=1&viewMode=list"> <embed id="doc_231188019070907" name="doc_231188019070907" src="http://d1.scribdassets.com/ScribdViewer.swf?document_id=44119386&access_key=key-25br0fn3mgr1i55vvhz0&page=1&viewMode=list" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" height="600" width="100%" wmode="opaque" bgcolor="#ffffff"></embed> </object> <br /> <p align="center"><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Tsunami</font></span> <br /></p> <a style="margin: 12px auto 6px; display: block; font: 14px helvetica,arial,sans-serif; text-decoration: underline; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -x-system-font: none" title="View 2007-idep-oxfam_06-gempa-bumi on Scribd" href="http://www.scribd.com/doc/44119507/2007-idep-oxfam-06-gempa-bumi"></a> <object id="doc_495188327919731" name="doc_495188327919731" height="600" width="100%" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" data="http://d1.scribdassets.com/ScribdViewer.swf" style="outline:none;"> <param name="movie" value="http://d1.scribdassets.com/ScribdViewer.swf"> <param name="wmode" value="opaque"> <param name="bgcolor" value="#ffffff"> <param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"> <param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always"> <param name="FlashVars" value="document_id=44119507&access_key=key-1w8b9e44j1yb8zyl5q0&page=1&viewMode=list"> <embed id="doc_495188327919731" name="doc_495188327919731" src="http://d1.scribdassets.com/ScribdViewer.swf?document_id=44119507&access_key=key-1w8b9e44j1yb8zyl5q0&page=1&viewMode=list" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" height="600" width="100%" wmode="opaque" bgcolor="#ffffff"></embed> </object> <br /> <p align="center"><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Earthquake</font></span> <br /></p> <a style="margin: 12px auto 6px; display: block; font: 14px helvetica,arial,sans-serif; text-decoration: underline; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -x-system-font: none" title="View 2007-idep-oxfam_08-terorisme on Scribd" href="http://www.scribd.com/doc/44119553/2007-idep-oxfam-08-terorisme"></a> <object id="doc_850280644807751" name="doc_850280644807751" height="600" width="100%" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" data="http://d1.scribdassets.com/ScribdViewer.swf" style="outline:none;"> <param name="movie" value="http://d1.scribdassets.com/ScribdViewer.swf"> <param name="wmode" value="opaque"> <param name="bgcolor" value="#ffffff"> <param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"> <param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always"> <param name="FlashVars" value="document_id=44119553&access_key=key-56b4knrmr22r1m16uwo&page=1&viewMode=list"> <embed id="doc_850280644807751" name="doc_850280644807751" src="http://d1.scribdassets.com/ScribdViewer.swf?document_id=44119553&access_key=key-56b4knrmr22r1m16uwo&page=1&viewMode=list" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" height="600" width="100%" wmode="opaque" bgcolor="#ffffff"></embed> </object> <br /> <p align="center"><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Terrorism</font></span></p> <br /> <p align="justify"><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Hopefully, by this information will be useful to the community in order to enhance the effectiveness in disaster management. This program and method I can consider as one of the best method to apply because it encourage all ages to read that.</font></span></p> <p align="justify"><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></span></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"><strong>CBDM Comic Books</strong></font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"> <br />Each of the following A5 sized comic books include fictional stories about what a community did when its village was struck by a disaster. Each comic book also includes a fact sheet about the specific disaster covered in the comic’s storyline and appropriate responses. These comics are appropriate for distribution to all members of communities, schools, NGOs etc.</font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3"> <br /><font size="2" face="Berlin Sans FB">Tsunami Comic - Download in </font></font><a href="https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.idepfoundation.org%2Fdownload_files%2Fpbbm%2F02.1.3b%2520Tsunami_Indo.pdf"><font size="2" face="Berlin Sans FB">Indonesian</font></a><font size="2" face="Berlin Sans FB"> <strong>(2.9 mb)</strong> or </font><a href="https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.idepfoundation.org%2Fdownload_files%2Fcbdm%2F02.1.3b%2520Tsunami_Eng.pdf">English</a><font size="2" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font><font size="2" face="Berlin Sans FB"> <strong>(3.1 mb)</strong> <br />Earthquake Comic - Download in </font><a href="https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.idepfoundation.org%2Fdownload_files%2Fpbbm%2F02.1.3f%2520Gempa%2520Bumi_Indo.pdf"><font size="2" face="Berlin Sans FB">Indonesian </font></a><font size="2"><font face="Berlin Sans FB"><strong>(4.9 mb)</strong> or </font></font><a href="https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.idepfoundation.org%2Fdownload_files%2Fcbdm%2F02.1.3f%2520Eartquake_Eng.pdf"><font size="2" face="Berlin Sans FB">English </font></a><font size="2"><font face="Berlin Sans FB"><strong>(4.6 mb)</strong> <br />Flood Comic - Download in </font></font><a href="https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.idepfoundation.org%2Fdownload_files%2Fpbbm%2F02.1.3c%2520Banjir_Indo.pdf"><font size="2" face="Berlin Sans FB">Indonesian</font></a><font size="2" face="Berlin Sans FB"> <strong>(3.3 mb) </strong>or </font><a href="https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.idepfoundation.org%2Fdownload_files%2Fcbdm%2F02.1.3c%2520Flood_Eng.pdf"><font size="2" face="Berlin Sans FB">English </font></a><font size="2"><font face="Berlin Sans FB"><strong>(3.4 mb)</strong> <br />Landslide Comic - Download in </font></font><a href="https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.idepfoundation.org%2Fdownload_files%2Fpbbm%2F02.1.3d%2520Tanah%2520Longsor_Indo.pdf"><font size="2" face="Berlin Sans FB">Indonesian</font></a><font size="2" face="Berlin Sans FB"> <strong>(2.8 mb)</strong> or </font><a href="https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.idepfoundation.org%2Fdownload_files%2Fcbdm%2F02.1.3d%2520Landslide_Eng.pdf"><font size="2" face="Berlin Sans FB">English</font></a><font size="2" face="Berlin Sans FB"> <strong>(3.5 mb)</strong> <br />Volcano Comic - Download in </font><a href="https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.idepfoundation.org%2Fdownload_files%2Fpbbm%2F02.1.3a%2520Gunung%2520Api_Indo.pdf"><font size="2" face="Berlin Sans FB">Indonesian</font></a><font size="2" face="Berlin Sans FB"> <strong>(3.7 mb) </strong>or </font><a href="https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.idepfoundation.org%2Fdownload_files%2Fcbdm%2F02.1.3a%2520Volcano_Eng.pdf"><font size="2" face="Berlin Sans FB">English</font></a><font size="2" face="Berlin Sans FB"> <strong>(3.9 mb)</strong> <br />Storm Comic - Download in </font><a href="https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.idepfoundation.org%2Fdownload_files%2Fpbbm%2F02.1.3e%2520Badai%2520%26%2520Angin%2520Topan_Indo.pdf"><font size="2" face="Berlin Sans FB">Indonesian</font></a><font size="2" face="Berlin Sans FB"> <strong>(3.9 mb)</strong> or </font><a href="https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.idepfoundation.org%2Fdownload_files%2Fcbdm%2F02.1.3e%2520Storm_Eng.pdf"><font size="2" face="Berlin Sans FB">English</font></a><font size="2" face="Berlin Sans FB"> <strong>(3.9 mb)</strong> <br />Building Peace Comic - Download in </font><a href="https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.idepfoundation.org%2Fdownload_files%2Fpbbm%2F02.1.3g%2520Perdamaian_Indo.pdf"><font size="2" face="Berlin Sans FB">Indonesian</font></a><font size="2" face="Berlin Sans FB"> <strong>(3.6 mb)</strong> or </font><a href="https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.idepfoundation.org%2Fdownload_files%2Fcbdm%2F02.1.3g%2520Buiding%2520Peace_Eng.pdf"><font size="2" face="Berlin Sans FB">English</font></a><font size="2" face="Berlin Sans FB"> <strong>(3.8 mb)</strong> <br />Terrorist Attack Comic - Download in </font><a href="https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.idepfoundation.org%2Fdownload_files%2Fpbbm%2F02.1.3h%2520Terorisme_Indo.pdf"><font size="2" face="Berlin Sans FB">Indonesian</font></a><font size="2" face="Berlin Sans FB"> <strong>(1.7 KB)</strong> or </font><a href="https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.idepfoundation.org%2Fdownload_files%2Fcbdm%2F02.1.3h%2520Terrorism_Eng.pdf"><font size="2" face="Berlin Sans FB">English </font></a><strong><font size="2" face="Berlin Sans FB">(2.7 mb)</font></strong></p> <p align="justify"><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></span></p> <p align="center"><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">-tHaNk yOu-</font></span></p> -fazrul.basir-http://www.blogger.com/profile/18418553695983634511noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4234132793526662440.post-12563265869360351752010-11-14T11:31:00.001+07:002010-12-03T04:36:18.105+07:00Poll of the Week<div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Berlin Sans FB'; font-size: medium; ">[Assalamualaikum & salam sejahtera]</span></div><!-- Flisti Poll #9053 Begin--><div><span></span><br /><div id="flisti-9053"><form method="post" action="http://flisti.com/9053/vote"><div style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 10px">Is today's health system of Indonesia met the expectation of citizen?</div><div><label><input name="answer" type="radio" value="34092"> Strongly Agree</label></div><div><label><input name="answer" type="radio" value="34093"> Agree</label></div><div><label><input name="answer" type="radio" value="34094"> Disagree</label></div><div><label><input name="answer" type="radio" value="34095"> Strongly Disagree</label></div><div style="margin-top: 10px"><input type="submit" value="Vote!" style="margin-bottom: 0px"> or <a href="http://flisti.com/9053/results">View Results</a></div><div style="font-size: 12px;margin-top: 10px"><a href="http://flisti.com/">Create your own poll at Flisti.com</a></div></form></div><p align="center"><span>-tHaNk yOu-</span></p><!-- Flisti Poll #9053 End --></div>-fazrul.basir-http://www.blogger.com/profile/18418553695983634511noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4234132793526662440.post-70072520364884474652010-11-12T19:07:00.000+07:002010-11-26T07:49:14.826+07:00Disaster, too early for us…<p align="center"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">[Assalamualaikum & salam sejahtera]</font></p> <p align="center"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#000000"><font color="#ffffff" size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">As title of this post suggest that I will expressed and share on current natural disaster in Yogyakarta. In our academic calendar, block 4.2, module 2 which is proposed on the 5th and 6th week of the block. Merapi eruption has taken place on the 26 October 2010 for the first eruption. It is not stop there, Merapi continue to erupt again with a great energy and damage.</font></font> <p align="justify"><font color="#ffffff" size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></p> <p align="justify"> <div style="padding-bottom: 0px; margin: 0px auto; padding-left: 0px; width: 425px; padding-right: 0px; display: block; float: none; padding-top: 0px" id="scid:5737277B-5D6D-4f48-ABFC-DD9C333F4C5D:7d480f2c-8c41-42dc-8948-9defc3161cf1" class="wlWriterEditableSmartContent"><div id="c327dfb0-46d0-45b1-b700-86eea67b161e" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: inline;"><div><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aIkyvU5ohow&feature=channel" target="_new"><img src="http://lh3.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TO76cOtQkhI/AAAAAAAAAGk/c7YyHh2L7u8/videof99f1e30bc94.jpg?imgmax=800" style="border-style: none" galleryimg="no" onload="var downlevelDiv = document.getElementById('c327dfb0-46d0-45b1-b700-86eea67b161e'); downlevelDiv.innerHTML = "<div><object width=\"425\" height=\"355\"><param name=\"movie\" value=\"http://www.youtube.com/v/aIkyvU5ohow&hl=en\"><\/param><embed src=\"http://www.youtube.com/v/aIkyvU5ohow&hl=en\" type=\"application/x-shockwave-flash\" width=\"425\" height=\"355\"><\/embed><\/object><\/div>";" alt=""></a></div></div></div> </p> <p align="justify"></p> <font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"> </font></p> <blockquote> <p align="left"><font size="3"><font face="Calibri"><font color="#000000"><strong>Merapi’s Latest Outburst Its Longest So Far</strong> <br />Candra Malik & Fidelis E Satriastanti | November 04, 2010</font></font></font></p> <p><font color="#000000" size="3" face="Calibri"></font></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#000000" size="3" face="Calibri">Yogyakarta. Mount Merapi has broken its own record after erupting nonstop for more than 24 hours, and geologists are now calling this episode the mountain’s worst since the 1870s.</font></p> <p align="justify"> <br /><font color="#000000" size="3" face="Calibri">After erupting and spewing heat clouds since Wednesday morning, the mountain unleashed its most extreme volcanic activity yet on Thursday, sending ash seven kilometers into the air. <br />Geologists said Thursday’s eruption at 5:55 a.m. was five times stronger that the initial eruption on Oct. 26, which lasted only 33 minutes.</font></p> <p align="justify"> <br /><font color="#000000" size="3" face="Calibri">Having erupted almost daily for 10 days, Surono, head of the Volcanology and Geological Disaster Mitigation Agency (PVMBG), said this episode was considered Merapi’s worst eruption since the 1870s.</font></p> <p align="justify"> <br /><font color="#000000" size="3" face="Calibri">The 1872 eruption, which until now had been considered Merapi’s most violent in recent history, destroyed 13 villages and killed 1,400 people.</font></p> <p align="justify"> <br /><font color="#000000" size="3" face="Calibri">Later on Thursday, Surono said the heat clouds were spreading as far as 11.5 kilometers from the crater, dangerously near the edge of the expanded 15-kilometer danger zone, and lava was flowing into the mountain’s rivers.</font></p> <p align="justify"> <br /><font color="#000000" size="3" face="Calibri">“The heat clouds are moving more freely since Mount Merapi’s marathon eruptions, destroying houses, trees and anything else in the way,” he said.</font></p> <p align="justify"> <br /><font color="#000000" size="3" face="Calibri">“The temperature of the heat clouds is 600 to 800 degrees Celsius. Anyone who does not flee from the disaster zone will not be safe.” <br />Surono also called on people to keep a safe distance from rivers flowing from the slopes of Mount Merapi.</font></p> <p align="justify"> <br /><font color="#000000" size="3" face="Calibri">Heavy rain overnight triggered lahars, mixtures of water and rock debris, that cascaded down the Kuning, Gendol, Woro, Boyong, Krasak and Opak rivers on the slopes of the volcano, destroying a bridge and riverbanks.</font></p> <p align="justify"> <br /><font color="#000000" size="3" face="Calibri">“We’re concerned about public safety because there have been lahar flows and this can lead to flooding if they exceed the capacity of those rivers,” Surono said.</font></p> <p align="justify"> <br /><font color="#000000" size="3" face="Calibri">Raden Sukhyar, chief of the geology department at the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, said there was still no indication when the eruptions would end.</font></p> <p align="justify"> <br /><font color="#000000" size="3" face="Calibri">“We still cannot ensure that the extreme catastrophic events on Thursday will mark a decrease in activity of Mount Merapi,” he said. <br />“We’re not going to drop its status from the highest alert because we don’t know when the eruptions will end.” <br />The eruptions have forced the residents of 32 villages within the disaster zone to evacuate.</font></p> <p align="justify"> <br /><font color="#000000" size="3" face="Calibri">Central Java’s governor, Bibit Waluyo, said more than 62,000 people from Magelang, Klaten and Boyolali districts had been forced from their homes, while Sri Purnomo, head of Sleman district in Yogyakarta, said his area had more than 22,000 evacuees.</font></p> <p align="justify"> <br /><font color="#000000" size="3" face="Calibri">The geologists warned that the dangers posed by the volcano extended beyond the people in the immediate danger zone.</font></p> <p align="justify"> <br /><font color="#000000" size="3" face="Calibri">Sukhyar said the volcano had spewed more than 50 million cubic meters of ash, sand and gravel.</font></p> <p align="justify"> <br /><font color="#000000" size="3" face="Calibri">“The winds tend to move to the west, taking volcanic ash toward Magelang, but it can spread anywhere depending on the wind direction,” he said.</font></p> <p align="justify"> <br /><font color="#000000" size="3" face="Calibri">Transportation Minister Freddy Numberi, speaking in Jakarta, said he had instructed airlines to direct all flights crossing Java to the north or south to avoid Merapi. “We have already prepared alternative routes for all flights,” he said.</font></p> <p align="justify"> <br /><font color="#000000" size="3" face="Calibri">“It may cost more and use up more fuel, but safety comes first.” <br />At least one hajj flight from Solo to Batam is known to have had engine trouble related to volanic ash.</font></p> <p align="justify"> <br /><font color="#000000" size="3" face="Calibri">Herry Bakti Gumay, director general of air transportation, said they had issued a warning last week to all airline operators with flights into Yogyakarta and would not withdraw it until conditions returned to normal.</font></p> <p align="justify"> <br /><font color="#000000" size="3" face="Calibri">However, the minister said airports in Yogyakarta, Solo and Semarang would remain open.</font></p> <p align="justify"> <br /><font color="#000000" size="3" face="Calibri">“If the ash covers the runways, then we will need to close them,” Freddy said.</font></p> <p align="justify"> <br /><font color="#000000" size="3" face="Calibri">“But they can be reopened after cleaning, which would take just a few hours.”</font></p> <p align="right"><a href="http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/home/merapis-latest-outburst-its-longest-so-far/404978" target="_blank"><font color="#000000" size="3" face="Calibri">Jakarta Globe</font></a></p> </blockquote> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"> </font></p> <div style="padding-bottom: 0px; margin: 0px auto; padding-left: 0px; width: 425px; padding-right: 0px; display: block; float: none; padding-top: 0px" id="scid:5737277B-5D6D-4f48-ABFC-DD9C333F4C5D:57dc9d5d-d98b-4429-a5ec-45fcc67353ff" class="wlWriterEditableSmartContent"><div id="442d7404-233c-4f98-a9a6-1c55916c41e7" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: inline;"><div><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LVitigd74lM" target="_new"><img src="http://lh5.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TO76do5Q4dI/AAAAAAAAAGo/JZC4hp6MnKY/video500b8e714eb7.jpg?imgmax=800" style="border-style: none" galleryimg="no" onload="var downlevelDiv = document.getElementById('442d7404-233c-4f98-a9a6-1c55916c41e7'); downlevelDiv.innerHTML = "<div><object width=\"425\" height=\"355\"><param name=\"movie\" value=\"http://www.youtube.com/v/LVitigd74lM&hl=en\"><\/param><embed src=\"http://www.youtube.com/v/LVitigd74lM&hl=en\" type=\"application/x-shockwave-flash\" width=\"425\" height=\"355\"><\/embed><\/object><\/div>";" alt=""></a></div></div></div> <p><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></p> <p><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Extreme damage of the residential area around the Mount Merapi as result of the eruption. Merapi eruption is such a great example of disaster situation. We can see that everyone is in chaos who trying to survive. However, even in very good preparation, there are still many unwanted effect such as morbidity, mortality and psychological trauma. </font></p> <p><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></p> <p><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">In order to manage this disaster, the main important sources is human resources and finance. All what we can do is donate some of our effort to share with them. There are many ways to contribute to the disaster management. I did not learn yet about the disaster management in formally, what i can think of is there are many NGO who are conducted the management. If we far away from the disaster site, we can donate our money to support them in order to further continue new life. </font></p> <p><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></p> <p><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Here are some:</font></p> <p><a href="http://lh4.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TO76e0zuaTI/AAAAAAAAAGs/lEoYiw8umyo/s1600-h/MerapiCharity%5B5%5D.jpg"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"><img style="border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; display: block; float: none; margin-left: auto; border-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; border-right: 0px" title="MerapiCharity" border="0" alt="MerapiCharity" src="http://lh4.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TO77cGyZNmI/AAAAAAAAAGw/lgqlmFwc-Ng/MerapiCharity_thumb%5B3%5D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="407" height="488" /></font></a></p> <p><a href="http://lh3.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TO77dt8O8XI/AAAAAAAAAG0/BLk-CapNXoc/s1600-h/merapi%20%281%29%5B4%5D.jpg"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"><img style="border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; display: block; float: none; margin-left: auto; border-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; border-right: 0px" title="merapi (1)" border="0" alt="merapi (1)" src="http://lh4.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TO78buB3eTI/AAAAAAAAAG4/x3C4NXTUukY/merapi%20%281%29_thumb%5B2%5D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="415" height="724" /></font></a><a href="http://lh6.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TO78cWS2HmI/AAAAAAAAAG8/j4Q5d8KdCa4/s1600-h/logo%5B6%5D.png"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"><a href="http://lh6.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TO78cWS2HmI/AAAAAAAAAHM/NnAyxnGECq4/s1600-h/logo%5B12%5D.png"><img style="border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; display: block; float: none; margin-left: auto; border-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; border-right: 0px" title="logo" border="0" alt="logo" src="http://lh3.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TO79apx2pqI/AAAAAAAAAHU/_GQhnza24Vs/logo_thumb%5B10%5D.png?imgmax=800" width="244" height="88" /></a></font></a><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">  </font><a href="http://lh4.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TO79bgIPj_I/AAAAAAAAAHE/bgYPEpBvQY8/s1600-h/mkm1-2%5B6%5D.jpg"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"><a href="http://lh4.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TO79bgIPj_I/AAAAAAAAAHc/FBlPHT0XePw/s1600-h/mkm1-2%5B8%5D.jpg"><img style="border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; display: block; float: none; margin-left: auto; border-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; border-right: 0px" title="mkm1-2" border="0" alt="mkm1-2" src="http://lh5.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TO7-aPiaFuI/AAAAAAAAAHk/TR4MeJH35o8/mkm1-2_thumb%5B6%5D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="380" height="259" /></a></font></a><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"> </font></p> <p><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></p> <p align="center"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">-tHaNk yOu-</font></p> <p><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></p> <p><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></p> -fazrul.basir-http://www.blogger.com/profile/18418553695983634511noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4234132793526662440.post-19654553658836381162010-11-10T17:03:00.000+07:002010-11-24T17:04:11.154+07:00Just for fun!!!<p align="center"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"> [Assalamualaikum & salam sejahtera]</font></p> <p align="center"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">[Doctor & Patient]</font></p> <p align="center"><a href="http://lh4.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TOzi7pqVdeI/AAAAAAAAAFs/5fDRXYNNm4U/s1600-h/hsc1474l%5B3%5D.jpg"><font color="#ffffff" size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"><img style="border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; display: inline; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px" title="hsc1474l" border="0" alt="hsc1474l" src="http://lh5.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TOzi8zBpR4I/AAAAAAAAAFw/fpkYqDEyRzE/hsc1474l_thumb%5B1%5D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="464" height="328" /></font></a><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"> </font></p> <p align="center"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">[Doctor]</font></p> <p align="center"><a href="http://lh6.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TOzi-9AqD6I/AAAAAAAAAF0/LHgUTSzahrk/s1600-h/for0516l7.jpg"><font color="#ffffff" size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"><img style="border-right-width: 0px; display: block; float: none; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; margin-left: auto; border-left-width: 0px; margin-right: auto" title="for0516l" border="0" alt="for0516l" src="http://lh6.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TOzjBDpBecI/AAAAAAAAAF4/T-VZaLQMHSA/for0516l_thumb5.jpg?imgmax=800" width="454" height="495" /></font></a><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"> </font></p> <p align="center"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">[Hospital Director, Government]</font></p> <p><a href="http://lh5.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TOzjCQUz05I/AAAAAAAAAF8/X3wvQqsI6QA/s1600-h/salary4.gif"><font color="#ffffff" size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"><img style="border-right-width: 0px; display: block; float: none; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; margin-left: auto; border-left-width: 0px; margin-right: auto" title="salary" border="0" alt="salary" src="http://lh6.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TOzjDTIQX4I/AAAAAAAAAGA/HnajBHiiFu0/salary_thumb2.gif?imgmax=800" width="453" height="320" /></font></a></p> <p><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"> </font></p> <p align="center"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">[Doctor]</font><a href="http://lh5.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TOzjEtQmm6I/AAAAAAAAAGE/UC9yIWJ8EUI/s1600-h/work_life4.jpg"><font color="#ffffff" size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"><img style="border-right-width: 0px; display: block; float: none; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; margin-left: auto; border-left-width: 0px; margin-right: auto" title="work_life" border="0" alt="work_life" src="http://lh5.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TOzjGPQcK6I/AAAAAAAAAGI/Qcz9YeyQ3dI/work_life_thumb2.jpg?imgmax=800" width="452" height="325" /></font></a></p> <p><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></p> <p align="center">-tHaNk yOu-<font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></p> -fazrul.basir-http://www.blogger.com/profile/18418553695983634511noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4234132793526662440.post-58897049756753573232010-11-09T20:15:00.000+07:002010-11-24T17:16:26.066+07:00Provider Payment System in Asia<p align="center"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">[assalamualaikum & salam sejahtera]</font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Provider Payment System is one of the system that play a very important role in the health system. This sub-system in a complex system closely related to the main sources of input such as money, human resources. As this is one of the important criteria in health system, I would to share information on the provider payment system in Asia.</font><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></p> <p align="center"><a href="http://lh4.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TOzl1XgqFWI/AAAAAAAAAGM/yIfuZNsdi44/s1600-h/asia-map%5B4%5D.gif"><img style="border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; display: block; float: none; margin-left: auto; border-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; border-right: 0px" title="asia-map" border="0" alt="asia-map" src="http://lh4.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TOzl2kMlRAI/AAAAAAAAAGQ/2m9-OvMHHEk/asia-map_thumb%5B2%5D.gif?imgmax=800" width="491" height="349" /></a> </p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Basically, Health system in Asia are mostly derived from the British model of health system which is predominantly publicly financed and provided care. Thus, in the last two decades, most countries already move towards to large and growing private sector, both in terms of financing and provision care. Today’s, there are 3 broad group that classify the Asia countries. </font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">The first group is made up of countries which have kept the original payment methods from the colonial times. <a href="http://lh6.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TOzl4K2hOUI/AAAAAAAAAGU/W-pOf1jMMSM/s1600-h/Beveridge%5B6%5D.jpg"><img style="border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 7px 0px 7px 10px; display: inline; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px" title="Beveridge" border="0" alt="Beveridge" align="right" src="http://lh5.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TOzl5X67pwI/AAAAAAAAAGY/gWlxZvf7Alo/Beveridge_thumb%5B4%5D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="182" height="228" /></a>This model named as The Beveridge Model, named after William Beveridge, the daring social reformer who designed Britain’s National Health Service. In this system, health care is provided and financed by the government through tax  payments, just like the police force or the public library. Hospital are paid by the national budget allocation (tax), and physicians employed in the government hospital paid by salary while those who are employed in the private hospital are paid by fee-for-service method. Both public and private sector are independently managed in the country. This system applied in India, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, and probably Pakistan and Bangladesh. </font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">The second group consist of <a href="http://lh5.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TOzl8tyqf8I/AAAAAAAAAGc/VS0XKNYkowk/s1600-h/Bismark%5B6%5D.jpg"><img style="border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 7px 10px 7px 0px; display: inline; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px" title="Bismark" border="0" alt="Bismark" align="left" src="http://lh4.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TOzl-AsLEZI/AAAAAAAAAGg/2OFniavOFc8/Bismark_thumb%5B4%5D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="183" height="243" /></a>countries that have implemented some degree of social health insurance. This reformation have adopted health financing systems which are closer to the Bismarck model. Named for the Prussian Chancellor Otto von Bismarck, who invented the welfare state as part of  the unification of Germany in the 19th century. This system using insurance system which usually financed jointly by employers and employees through payroll education, thus its providing health care would look familiar to Americans. Small-scale employer-based insurance schemes have gradually grown into universal coverage without the development of a substantial tax-financed delivery system. The countries that apply this system include Japan, Korea, and Philippines. </font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">The remaining group of Asian countries appear to be moving from the British model with public sector delivery and financing of care toward one based on the social insurance. This reformation as result of broader economic transitions. Incomes of citizens grew greatly from few decades ago, thus result in transition of public health services to private health services due to less satisfied of existing public services. Indonesia, Thailand and Vietnam is some of the countries in the Asia that apply this system. Limitation of the central government financial support reduces the improvement of the public health services that would have satisfied the public, and therefore social insurance was seen as a way to mobilize resources and offer universal coverage to citizens. </font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">References:</font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3"><font face="Berlin Sans FB">1. <em><a href="http://www.healthsystems2020.org/files/2356_file_Indo_PSA_Desk_Review_FINAL.pdf">Wang, Hong, Mark McEuen, Lucy Mize, Cindi Cisek, and Andrew Barraclough. February 2009. Private Sector Health in Indonesia: A Desk Review. Bethesda, MD: Health Systems 20/20 project, Abt Associates Inc.</a></em></font></font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">2. </font><a href="http://www.pnhp.org/single_payer_resources/health_care_systems_four_basic_models.php" target="_blank"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">PHNP Resources. Health Care Systems - Four Basic Models</font></a></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"> </font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></p> -fazrul.basir-http://www.blogger.com/profile/18418553695983634511noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4234132793526662440.post-34068219907932302652010-11-08T09:03:00.000+07:002010-11-24T06:57:42.058+07:00What do you think?<p align="center"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">[assalamualaikum & salam sejahtera]</font></p> <p align="center"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></p> <p align="center"><a href="http://lh4.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TOxT_E07yTI/AAAAAAAAAFk/yzK1qlvH4w8/s1600-h/Presentation16.jpg"><font color="#ffffff" size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"><img style="border-right-width: 0px; display: block; float: none; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; margin-left: auto; border-left-width: 0px; margin-right: auto" title="Presentation1" border="0" alt="Presentation1" src="http://lh4.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TOxU8-lUtQI/AAAAAAAAAFo/kS5KM62zPhU/Presentation1_thumb4.jpg?imgmax=800" width="491" height="333" /></font></a><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"> Total expenditures on health as percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Life expectancy at birth (in years), 2006.</font></p> <p align="center"><em><font size="2" face="Berlin Sans FB">Sources: <a href="http://www.healthsystems2020.org/files/2356_file_Indo_PSA_Desk_Review_FINAL.pdf" target="_blank">Wang, Hong, Mark McEuen, Lucy Mize, Cindi Cisek, and Andrew Barraclough. February 2009. Private Sector Health in Indonesia: A Desk Review. Bethesda, MD: Health Systems 20/20 project, Abt Associates Inc.</a></font></em></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Total expenditure referring to national budget that being allocate every years to the health sector. The national budget has been allocate depending to the gross domestic product. As a simple measurement, proportion of expenditure to the health and GDP can be used as universal indicator on percentage of national budget allocate to the health regardless the amount. Total expenditure is one the input of the health system.</font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">As we can interpret the figure, Indonesia has been spent the lowest percentage of GDP to the health sector as well as Philippines and Thailand. Micronesia and Tango has spent the most percentage of GDP to the health sector. These variations happen because there are variation in health system in each country. So, health system is one of the influencing criteria to the Total Expenditure on Health and percentage of GDP in country.</font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Life expectancy at birth (in years) is a simple measure of the health outcomes. If the expenditure is input, the services (management) is the process, thus, the outcome can I say as a indicator of the effectiveness in the process, in this case is management. But why life expectancy at birth being use as an indicator? What the reason?</font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Life expectancy at birth used because it is as general indicator of the health access outcomes. If the low life expectancy, there might have a bad health access, bad health services as health is major determination of life expectancy. Good health comes from the good healthy lifestyle but on the other hands, good health can be derived from the good health services. this is the reason why life expectancy being used as indicator of the health.</font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Back to the graph, we can see that Malaysia has highest life expectancy at birth which is 75 years old. Where as Indonesia has the lowest life expectancy among other country in the study. Other countries is scattered in the middle. </font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand and Philippines has total expenditure on health relatives similar in number which is around 3-4% of GDP. But the health outcomes can be different so much. </font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">So, here is the conclusion. What do you think?</font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="2" face="Berlin Sans FB"><em>*Leave a comment on this. Your comment, I highly appreciated.</em></font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></p> <p align="center"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">-tHaNk yOu-</font></p> -fazrul.basir-http://www.blogger.com/profile/18418553695983634511noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4234132793526662440.post-13568223790993330362010-11-07T10:13:00.001+07:002010-11-23T12:03:27.357+07:00Salary… Salary… Salary…<div style="text-align: center"><font size="3"> <br /><font face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></font></div> <p align="center"><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">[assalamualaikum & salam sejahtera]</font></span></p> <p align="justify"><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></span></p> <p align="justify"><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Today’s topic is about salary.. As I mention on the previous post that the only motivation to the doctor is the reward or salary. What it is mean by salary? How they are paid? How much the doctors are paid?</font></span></p> <p align="justify"><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></span></p> <p align="justify"><strong><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">1st question: what is salary?</font></span></strong></p> <p align="justify"><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Salary~synonym: wages/pay/income/earning - money that employees receive for doing their job, especially professional employees or people working in an office, usually paid every month</font></span></p> <p align="justify"><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">*These are all words for money that a person earns or receives for their work.</font></span></p> <p align="justify"><span><span><em><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">- <strong>income</strong> ~ money that a person receives for their work, or from investments or business: people on low incomes </font><a href="http://lh6.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TOsxnR5t8CI/AAAAAAAAAE0/R7jY0diroFI/s1600-h/salary-negotiation_965853%5B7%5D.jpg"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"><img style="border-right-width: 0px; margin: 7px 0px 7px 10px; display: inline; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px" title="salary-negotiation_965853" border="0" alt="salary-negotiation_965853" align="right" src="http://lh4.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TOsylsVWGgI/AAAAAAAAAE4/ldIQPHBbv68/salary-negotiation_965853_thumb%5B5%5D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="141" height="141" /></font></a></em></span></span></p> <p align="justify"><em><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">- <strong>wage/wages ~</strong> money that employees get for doing their job, usually paid every week: a weekly wage of £200 </font></span></em></p> <p align="justify"><em><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">- <strong>pay ~ </strong>money that employees earn for doing th</font></span></em></p> <p align="justify"><em><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">eir job: The job offers good rates of pay</font></span></em></p> <p align="justify"><em><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">- <strong>salary ~ </strong>money that employees earn for doing their job, usually paid every month</font></span></em></p> <p align="justify"><em><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">- <strong>earnings</strong> ~ money that a person earns from their work: a rise in average earnings for factory workers</font></span></em></p> <p align="justify"><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">In other word, salary is one of the important aspect in the health system. What ever it is, the money is matters.</font></span></p> <p align="justify"><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></span></p> <p align="justify"><span><strong><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">2nd question: How they are paid?</font></strong></span></p> <p align="justify"><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">During recent years the question of how to provide the most cost-effective health care services has been of increasing interest to health care managers, health insurers, providers, patients, and governments. Provider payment systems have been central to this discussion. These mechanisms are defined as the way money is distributed from the government, insurance company, or other stakeholder to a health care provider. Different payment systems generate different incentives for efficiency, quality, and utilization of health care facilities, and these incentives may vary according to whether one is a provider, patient or payer. </font></span></p> <p align="justify"><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></span></p> <p align="justify"><span><a href="http://lh3.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TOsymqvJ_XI/AAAAAAAAAE8/hFSvr4WEwKA/s1600-h/make-money-roadsign_480%5B7%5D.jpg"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"><img style="border-right-width: 0px; margin: 7px 5px 7px 0px; display: inline; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px" title="make-money-roadsign_480" border="0" alt="make-money-roadsign_480" align="left" src="http://lh4.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TOszjo_GI9I/AAAAAAAAAFA/dZ-IAjhtz8U/make-money-roadsign_480_thumb%5B5%5D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="244" height="205" /></font></a><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">When we are talking a</font></span></p> <p align="justify"><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">bout payment mechanism, there are four main actor who play a role in this. They are health care facilities (hospital), health care providers (doctors), patients, and the insurers/payers. This payment mechanism has a big, complex interaction between these 4 main actors. Each actors has their own goals in this payment mechanism. </font></span></p> <p align="justify"><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></span></p> <p align="justify"><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Health care facility wants to deliver the services in cost effective. Health care provider wants to deliver the services that expand their incomes. Patient who insured does not has any problems of receiving the services because they are paid by the insurer. The problems will be on the provider and insurer. While for out-of-pocket patient, they seek health care to obtain services to cure their illness. But unfortunately, they do not know the quality of the services. Misleading measurement sometimes being used which is curative rate. The insurer/payers have goal of minimizin</font></span><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">g pay for the services or demand a certain quality of the services.</font></span></p> <p align="justify"><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></span></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"><img style="text-align: center; margin: 0px auto 10px; width: 400px; display: block; height: 263px; cursor: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5542597451335757298" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIqnAL30v2YIXWrgI7IX7dUG_tm13Q2kHfJUOxV6MQIB1hpHbmvORd1B-OVNSaGhGT9KU7VgwhNUyvyXoLf8rxPyLsv-tJNuDYG16XCME6idr26rR8AEiC1xqw5p_aioN226KJ9JVc-nA/s400/money.gif" /></font></p> <p align="justify"><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></span></p> <p align="justify"><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">In defining a provider payment method, it is important to specify when payment rates are actually set. When the payment rate for a package of health care services is negotiated and agreed upon before the treatment takes place, it is referred to as prospective payment. Prospectively set payment rates—including case-based and per capita-based payment—increase the incentive for efficiency because the health provider faces higher financial risk.</font></span></p> <p align="justify"><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></span></p> <p align="justify"><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">When the payment rate is selected during or after the service has been rendered, it is referred to as retrospective payment, or sometimes as cost-based reimbursement and is well known for being cost enhancing rather than cost reducing. Fee-for-service is a typical form of retrospective reimbursement. Although prices for each service may be set in advance, providers are not limited by a predetermined agreement on the types and number of services rendered.</font></span></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></p> <p><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Here are the example of payment mechanism:</font></span></p> <div align="center"> <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="491" align="center"><tbody> <tr> <td valign="top" width="82"> <p align="center"><span><strong><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Payment Method</font></strong></span></p> </td> <td valign="top" width="79"> <p align="center"><span><strong><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Unit of Services</font></strong></span></p> </td> <td valign="top" width="105"> <p align="center"><span><strong><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Retrospective <br />/Prospective</font></strong></span></p> </td> <td valign="top" width="223"> <p align="center"><span><strong><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Main Incentive Created <br />[Note: Quality assurance mechanisms should accompany each payment system method]</font></strong></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="81"> <p align="center"><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Line Item Budget </font></span></p> </td> <td valign="top" width="80"> <p align="center"><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Functional Budget Categories</font></span></p> </td> <td valign="top" width="106"> <p align="center"><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Either</font></span></p> </td> <td valign="top" width="221"> <p align="justify"><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Little flexibility in resource use, cost control of total costs, poor incentives to improve productivity, sometimes results in rationing</font></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="81"> <p align="center"><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Global Budget</font></span></p> </td> <td valign="top" width="81"> <p align="center"><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Health Facility</font></span></p> </td> <td valign="top" width="106"> <p align="center"><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Prospective</font></span></p> </td> <td valign="top" width="222"> <p align="justify"><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Spending artificially set rather than through market forces, not always linked to performance indicators, cost-shifting possible if global budget covers limited services, rationing may occur</font></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="81"> <p align="center"><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Capitation</font></span></p> </td> <td valign="top" width="81"> <p align="center"><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Per person to a health care provider who acts as stakeholder</font></span></p> </td> <td valign="top" width="106"> <p align="center"><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Prospective</font></span></p> </td> <td valign="top" width="222"> <p align="justify"><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Incentives to undersupply, strong incentives to improve efficiency that may cause providers to sacrifice quality, rationing may occur, improves continuity of care</font></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="81"> <p align="center"><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Case-based Payment</font></span></p> </td> <td valign="top" width="81"> <p align="center"><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Per case or episode</font></span></p> </td> <td valign="top" width="106"> <p align="center"><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Prospective</font></span></p> </td> <td valign="top" width="222"> <p align="justify"><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Incentives to reduce services per case but increase number of cases (if per case rate is above marginal costs), incentives to improve efficiency per caser</font></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="81"> <p align="center"><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Per Diem</font></span></p> </td> <td valign="top" width="81"> <p align="center"><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Per day</font></span></p> </td> <td valign="top" width="106"> <p align="center"><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Prospective</font></span></p> </td> <td valign="top" width="222"> <p align="justify"><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Incentives to reduce services per day but increase length of stay (if per diem rate is above marginal costs)</font></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="81"> <p align="center"><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Fee-for-Service</font></span></p> </td> <td valign="top" width="81"> <p align="center"><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Per unit of service</font></span></p> </td> <td valign="top" width="107"> <p align="center"><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Retrospective</font></span></p> </td> <td valign="top" width="222"> <p align="justify"><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Incentives to increase units of service</font></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <p align="center"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Table 1: Six Payment Systems and Main Incentives Created</font></p> <p align="center"><em><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Sources: </font><a href="http://www.healthsystems2020.org/files/937_file_m2wp2.pdf" target="_blank"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Maceira, Daniel. August 1998. Provider Payment Mechanisms in Health Care: Incentives, Outcomes, and Organizational Impact in Developing Countries. Major Applied Research 2, Working Paper 2. Bethesda, MD: Partnerships for Health Reform Project, Abt Associates Inc.</font></a></em></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></p> <p align="justify"><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">So, at the end, which payment system you are dreams for? Today’s payment system getting complex and more complex as they will continue to evolve to obtain best method of payment mechanism. The traditional system is evolve to modern system which everyone are looking for the best for themselves. </font></span></p> <p align="justify"><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></span></p> <p align="justify"><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Hope, this several information on payment mechanism can express an understanding on physicians payment mechanism from various point of view.</font></span></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></p> <p align="justify"><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">References:</font></span></p> <p align="justify"><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">1. </font></span><a href="http://www.healthsystems2020.org/files/937_file_m2wp2.pdf" target="_blank"><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Maceira, Daniel. August 1998. Provider Payment Mechanisms in Health Care: Incentives, Outcomes, and Organizational Impact in Developing Countries. Major Applied Research 2, Working Paper 2. Bethesda, MD: Partnerships for Health Reform Project, Abt Associates Inc.</font></span></a></p> <p align="justify"><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">2. </font></span><a href="http://www.managedcaremag.com/archives/0712/0712.docpay.html" target="_blank"><span><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">John Caroll. December 2007. How Doctors Are Paid Now, And Why It Has to Change. MANAGED CARE. ©MediMedia USA</font></span></a></p> <p align="center"><a href="http://lh3.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TOs0kmz56HI/AAAAAAAAAFM/379yO2ScrUI/s1600-h/dcr0801l%5B4%5D.jpg"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"><img style="border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px" title="dcr0801l" border="0" alt="dcr0801l" src="http://lh3.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TOs1iPyL2hI/AAAAAAAAAFQ/7P3lpdeYv8w/dcr0801l_thumb%5B2%5D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="299" height="336" /></font></a><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"> </font></p> <p align="center"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">-tHaNk yOu-</font></p> <p><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></p> -fazrul.basir-http://www.blogger.com/profile/18418553695983634511noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4234132793526662440.post-40913012713930035612010-11-06T08:30:00.000+07:002010-11-24T17:05:54.872+07:00Ten Golden Rules of Good Medical Practice<p align="center"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">[assalamualaikum & salam sejahtera]</font></p> <p align="center"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"><a href="http://lh4.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TOq3FOCRN3I/AAAAAAAAAEs/0NH05DJ1cPg/s1600-h/3126570875_8c91a5d3ef%5B2%5D.jpg"><img style="border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px" title="3126570875_8c91a5d3ef" border="0" alt="3126570875_8c91a5d3ef" src="http://lh5.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TOq4ClmUMrI/AAAAAAAAAEw/Sk8A-FnQvBo/3126570875_8c91a5d3ef_thumb.jpg?imgmax=800" width="176" height="244" /></a> </font></p> <p align="center"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Tan Sri Dato’ Seri Dr. Hj. Mohd. Ismail Merican <br />President, Malaysian Medical Council & Director- General of Health, Malaysia</font><font size="3"> <br /></font><font face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Lastly, as practicing or future doctors, allow me to remind you of the <strong><font color="#ffff00">Ten Golden Rules of Good Medical Practice</font></strong> (Duties of a Doctor, Malaysian Medical Council). These are good ethical values and standards of professional conduct that will always remain relevant and should be upheld at all times by all practicing doctors which are as follows :</font></p> <p><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">1. Practice with kindness, ethics and honesty.</font></p> <p><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">2. Upgrade professional knowledge and clinical skills.</font></p> <p><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">3. Maintain good patient records.</font></p> <p><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">4. Maintain good communication with patients and relatives.</font></p> <p><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">5. Maintain doctor-patient confidentiality.</font></p> <p><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">6. Allow second opinion and referral to colleagues.</font></p> <p><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">7. Maintain good working relationship with colleagues.</font></p> <p><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">8. Be conscious of cost of healthcare.</font></p> <p><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">9. Avoid publicity, self-promotion and abuse of position.</font></p> <p><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">10. Be a partner in promoting global health.</font></p> <p><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></p> <p><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"><em>Source: <a href="http://mmc.gov.my/v1/docs/Future%20of%20doctors%20in%20Malaysia.pdf" target="_blank">Rights and Responsibilities of Doctors : Future of Doctors in Malaysia</a></em></font></p> <p><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"><em>*Speech at SCHOMOS Seminar “Rights and Responsibilities of Doctors” on 5 December 2009</em></font></p> <p><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"> </font></p> -fazrul.basir-http://www.blogger.com/profile/18418553695983634511noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4234132793526662440.post-14783883710712241452010-11-04T20:42:00.001+07:002010-11-23T00:25:56.776+07:00Decentralization Part Two!<p align="center"><span>[assalamualaikum & salam sejahtera]</span></p> <p align="center"> </p> <p align="justify"><span>Health system aspect that has impact of decentralization concept.</span></p> <p align="justify"><span></span></p> <p align="justify"><span>1. </span><span>Capacity of local government</span></p> <p align="justify"><span>Decentralized health services in Indonesia seem to have reached a point of no return. In line with the global trend of democratization and privatization, the role of the central government could be limited to regulatory, supervisory, and partial financing. The capacity of local governments to ensure absorption and creation of private sector environments to cater to appropriate human resources should be thoroughly examined.</span></p> <p align="justify"><span></span></p> <p align="justify"><span>When we discuss about region in Indonesia, most of them are not ready to really implement the decentralization concept. First encounter problem is based on financial. More than three quarters of local governments in Indonesia are financially dependent on the general allocation budget (Dana Alokasi Umum), allocated by the central government. When this happen, the budget allocation to the health sector is very limited. Although the budget to certain region is enough but most of the budget used to purchase technology and building the access to health such as hospital, Primary Health Center. Only a little budget goes to improve human resources capacity.</span></p> <p align="justify"><span></span></p> <p align="justify"><a href="http://lh6.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TOqiLxoUqEI/AAAAAAAAAEE/DgnOqrhEGxM/s1600-h/images%5B5%5D.jpg"><img style="border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; display: block; float: none; margin-left: auto; border-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; border-right: 0px" title="images" border="0" alt="images" src="http://lh3.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TOqjJGOwrhI/AAAAAAAAAEI/b24JT-Ne4-c/images_thumb%5B3%5D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="377" height="270" /></a> </p> <p align="justify"><span></span></p> <p align="justify"><span>One of the driving force of human resources capacity is economic force. When there is region which has low economic force, it will affect the human resources force in that area. Last time, when there is central government policy that new graduates of health professional will have to undergo mandatory services, this problem is manageable. Where as, under new decentralized government, local government has low capacity to attract the health professional or human resources to work in the region. Of course if they given a choice of working in urban <span><a href="http://lh4.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TOqjKbeQXsI/AAAAAAAAAEM/8XLXNf6aYiU/s1600-h/D1325%5B3%5D.jpg"><img style="border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 7px 10px 7px 0px; display: inline; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px" title="D1325" border="0" alt="D1325" align="left" src="http://lh3.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TOqkHXZTYCI/AAAAAAAAAEQ/YeFpu4BKmAk/D1325_thumb%5B1%5D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="191" height="244" /></a></span>area and remote area, with the same salary, most of the health professional will choose the urban area rather than remote area. There is freedom to choose affect the distribution of the health professional in remote area. In urban area, they have greater opportunity to expand the income by joining the private practice as the Indonesia government allow the doctors and specialist to work in 3 places at one time. </span></p> <p align="justify"><span> </span><span>However, the Indonesian government, international donors and external agencies are actually aware of the above. Several projects and programs to improve the capacity of human resources have been initiated through loans or grants from external bilateral agencies and multilateral financial agencies such as the World Bank or the Asian Development Bank.</span></p> <p align="justify"><span> </span></p> <p align="justify"><span>2. Public Health Law</span></p> <p align="justify"><span>Law is very important element in health system. Without law, a system cannot be manage well by the government. Indonesia did not have a public health law as such for many decades. The epidemic and health law was enacted in 1992. Even where regulations existed, only a few were properly regulated. Only six of 32 government regulations, required by the Health Act of 1992, are adequately regulated. Regulation for human resources for health is one of them.</span></p> <p align="justify"><span></span></p> <p align="justify"><span> Without distinct law between central and local government, there will be problems in order to solve certain problem. or example, in case of bird flu, the bird need to be kill and require budget to eliminate the bird, thus who are responsible for this case. That why, the law is very important to solve this problem especially the finance part. </span></p> <p align="justify"><span></span></p> <p align="justify"><span>However, efforts to develop the legal infrastructure are being made. A new government regulation, authorizing a Minister to regulate and to set minimum service standards was issued in January 2006. The <span><a href="http://lh4.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TOqkJCA9VrI/AAAAAAAAAEU/k_pP0DGftLo/s1600-h/isbn.aspx%5B3%5D.jpg"><img style="border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 7px 0px 7px 10px; display: inline; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px" title="isbn.aspx" border="0" alt="isbn.aspx" align="right" src="http://lh4.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TOqlGE5Ra-I/AAAAAAAAAEY/XPmCIkOgKdo/isbn.aspx_thumb%5B1%5D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="179" height="244" /></a></span>local government must ensure delivery of services and to share - whenever and whatever possible - with other local governments in providing certain public and personal health services. This new regulation is an attempt to provide a more solid basic infrastructure of public services. </span></p> <p align="justify"><span></span></p> <p align="justify"><span>Without a clear definition of the role, function, and financing responsibility of the central and local governments to ensure horizontal equity across various fiscal capacities of local governments, the policy on human resources and public health measures will heavily depend on the leadership and inclination of elected officials at local levels. Efforts to educate elected officials and to facilitate their understanding and commitment, such as intercity study tours to share experience with excellent public health infrastructure in and out of the country should be strengthened.</span></p> <p align="justify"><span></span></p> <p align="justify"><span>3. Production Capacity</span></p> <p align="justify"><span>As I mention earlier that Indonesia has not enough human resources for health (HRH) in term of number. Thus, Ministry of Health made open education policy for the establishment <a href="http://lh5.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TOqlHM5-PrI/AAAAAAAAAEc/8CuKsWZObEc/s1600-h/Fotolia_7252154_XS%5B8%5D.jpg"><img style="border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 7px 0px 7px 10px; display: inline; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px" title="Doctors" border="0" alt="Doctors" align="right" src="http://lh4.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TOqmE2ni8VI/AAAAAAAAAEg/29ICOKxm0og/Fotolia_7252154_XS_thumb%5B6%5D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="210" height="139" /></a>of undergraduate,graduate, postgraduate institution in order to enhance the production of HRH. Nowadays, the increase in number of public health institution. </span></p> <p align="justify"><span></span></p> <p align="justify"><span>The number of institutions offering bachelor’s degree in public health, nursing and allied health tripled, compared to the previous three decades. The growing number of education institutions in health and allied health sciences is partly attributable to decentralized governments where local governments, especially at the provincial level, see that they too should have medical, nursing, or public health schools. </span></p> <p align="justify"><span></span></p> <p align="justify"><span>Even if the institutions could produce adequate numbers, their absorption across regions would not be proportionate to the population. Based on the previous experiences and current data, it was observed that the distribution of health professionals was always skewed to the big and rich urban areas. <a href="http://lh6.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TOqmGPZTw6I/AAAAAAAAAEk/KS43t0r0bgI/s1600-h/membership_sites2_bigger%5B9%5D.jpg"><img style="border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 7px 10px 7px 0px; display: inline; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px" title="membership_sites2_bigger" border="0" alt="membership_sites2_bigger" align="left" src="http://lh3.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TOqnDaT_UUI/AAAAAAAAAEo/EzBncMM-A4E/membership_sites2_bigger_thumb%5B7%5D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="145" height="156" /></a>The biggest challenge for Indonesia is how to formulate morale and material incentives for HRH in order to deploy them in the remote and in the less prosperous regions.</span></p> <p align="justify"><span></span></p> <p align="justify"><span>Another potential problem is competition among the educational institutions by lowering tuition fees in order to get more students at the expense of quality. If this occurs within the next 5-10 years, Indonesia will have an over-supply of low quality HRH. Thus, in this aspect, decentralization play an important role as centralize accreditation is not function well. Regional or provincial regulation on accreditation is easier to control the quality of health institution. </span></p> <p align="justify"><span></span></p> <p align="justify"><span>*References:</span></p> <p align="justify"><span>1. </span><a href="http://www.searo.who.int/LinkFiles/Regional_Health_Forum_Volume_10_No_1_08-Human_Resources_in_Decentralized_Health_Systems.pdf" target="_blank"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" >Hasbullah Thabrany; Human Resources in Decentralized Health Systems in Indonesia: Challenges for Equity; Regional Health Forum – Volume 10, Number 1, 2006</span></span></a><span> </span></p> <p align="justify"><span>2.<span class="Apple-style-span" > </span></span><a href="http://www.nep.searo.who.int/LinkFiles/Home_Dececentralization_of_Health_System.pdf" target="_blank"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" >WHO Country Office, Nepal; Decentralization of Health System and its management</span></span></a></p> <p align="justify"> </p> <p align="justify"><span> </span></p>-fazrul.basir-http://www.blogger.com/profile/18418553695983634511noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4234132793526662440.post-59648060082222496132010-11-02T20:44:00.001+07:002010-11-23T00:27:07.925+07:00Decentralization Part One!<p align="center"><span >[assalamualaikum & salam sejahtera]</span></p> <p align="justify"><span ></span></p> <p align="justify"><span >Today, my topic is decentralization. After listening to the evolution of global health lecture by Dr. Yodi Mahendradhata, M. Sc., I interested to study further about decentralization especially in Malaysia and Indonesia.</span></p> <p align="justify"><span ></span></p> <p align="justify"><span >Before I further explain about my topic, let start with the definition of decentralization and centralization.</span></p> <p align="justify"><span ></span></p> <p align="justify"><span >Centralization - to give the control of a country or an organization to a group of people in one particular place (</span><a href="http://www.oxfordadvancedlearnersdictionary.com/dictionary/centralization#centralize__2" target="_blank"><span ><em>Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary</em></span></a><span >). In a political context, “centralization” refers to the growth in power and authority of the modern state that comes at the expense of localisms such as kin, town, religious community, and custom. It represents the application of a detailed set of laws over the daily lives of persons and organic institutions in distinct localities. (</span><a href="http://www.firstprinciplesjournal.com/articles.aspx?article=1422&loc=r/"><span ><em>Allan C. Carlson</em></span></a><span >) However, in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centralization" target="_blank"><span >wikipedia</span></a>, they define it according to the specific perspective views.</span></p> <ol> <li> <p align="justify"><span >In </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_science"><span >political science</span></a><span >, this refers to the concentration of a </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government"><span >government</span></a><span >'s power - both </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography"><span >geographically</span></a><span > and </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics"><span >politically</span></a><span >, into a </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centralised_government"><span >centralised government</span></a><span >.</span></p> </li> <li> <p align="justify"><span >In </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroscience"><span >neuroscience</span></a><span >, centralization refers to the evolutionary trend of the </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nervous_system"><span >nervous system</span></a><span > to be partitioned into a </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_nervous_system"><span >central nervous system</span></a><span > and </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripheral_nervous_system"><span >peripheral nervous system</span></a><span >.</span></p> </li> <li><span > <p align="justify"><span >In </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_studies"><span >business studies</span></a><span > centralisation and </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decentralisation"><span >decentralisation</span></a><span > is about where decisions are taken in the </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chain_of_command"><span >chain of command</span></a><span >. </span></p> </span></li> </ol> <span > <p align="justify"> </p> <p align="justify"></p> <span >Decentralization - to give some of the power of a central government, organization, etc. to smaller parts or organizations around the country (</span><a href="http://www.oxfordadvancedlearnersdictionary.com/dictionary/decentralize" target="_blank"><span >Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary</span></a><em></em><span >). </span></span> <blockquote> <p align="justify"><span >"While frequently left undefined (Pollitt, 2005), decentralization has also been assigned many different meanings (Reichard & Borgonovi, 2007), varying across countries (Steffensen & Trollegaard, 2000; Pollitt, 2005), languages (Ouedraogo, 2003), general contexts (Conyers, 1984), fields of research, and specific scholars and studies." (Dubois and Fattore 2009)”</span></p> <p align="right"><span >source: wikipedia</span></p> </blockquote> <p align="justify"><span >After we understand the policy of centralization and decentralization, I can summarize them as centralization is the decision making is belong to a particular group of people who has the highest/biggest hierarchy where as decentralization is decision making is distribute to nearer the citizen or small group of people authority.</span></p> <p align="justify"><span ><img src="http://www.12manage.com/images/picture_centralization_decentralization.gif" /> </span></p> <p align="justify"><span >In this first part, I want to share what is the impact either positive or negative of decentralization to the health system in the country. </span></p> <p align="justify"><span ></span></p> <p align="justify"><span >There is no objection that decentralization in economic crisis is very important in order to enhance the growth of health system. Furthermore, there is evidence that Columbia and Chile has successfully went trough the economic crisis and the implementation of decentralization in health system. it is generally accepted that decentralization has very important role in enhancing the efficiency of health system performance, equity, narrowing the unmet demands of the community and its empowerment. </span></p> <p align="justify"><span ></span></p> <p align="justify"><span >Decentralization in Health has many perspective itself. Technical, political and financial. In technical perspective is to enhance the administrative and care delivery effectiveness. On the political perspective used decentralization to increase local participation and autonomy, re-distribute power, and reduce ethnic and/or regional tensions. And but not least, the financial decentralization is recommended to increase cost efficiency, giving local units a greater control on resources and revenues and sharpening the accountability. These are the positive impact of the decentralization in health system.</span></p> <p align="justify"><span ></span></p> <p align="justify"><span >However, this distribution will meet the purpose if there is evenly distributed of the population and resources. In Indonesia, there is uneven distribution of population and the resources. Decentralization may be useful in certain part of concept but not all the concept. The challenge of these decentralization is manage well by Indonesia trough certain action. </span></p> <p align="justify"><span ></span></p> <p align="right"><span ><a href="http://smart-in-action.blogspot.com/2010/11/decentralization-part-two.html"><span class="Apple-style-span" >Continue in part two…</span></a></span></p>-fazrul.basir-http://www.blogger.com/profile/18418553695983634511noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4234132793526662440.post-425096242161980162010-11-01T18:34:00.000+07:002010-11-14T11:26:20.181+07:00Welcome To Smart-In-Action<p align="center"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">[ Assalamualaikum & Salam Sejahtera ]</font></p> <p align="center"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">First of all, I will introduce my blog as this is the first time I wrote blog. My blog title is Smart-In-Action. The title is one of the most important element in writing whether it is a blog, a letter, a memo, a story, a narrative, a system and etc. Thus, title has a big role to the reader what the content is about.</font></p> <p><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Let I define the meaning of each word:</font></p> <p><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></p> <p><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Smart - this word has wide definition. Thus, i define it by using </font><a href="http://www.oxfordadvancedlearnersdictionary.com/"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary.</font></a><font size="3"><font face="Berlin Sans FB"> <i>(click to use this free web dictionary)<a href="http://lh3.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TN9j9-w0TEI/AAAAAAAAAD8/VFw4J1GKcY8/s1600-h/smart-bubble%5B6%5D.jpg"><img style="border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 7px; display: inline; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px" title="smart-bubble" border="0" alt="smart-bubble" align="right" src="http://lh6.ggpht.com/_4TNPzaRT3aA/TN9k60TvYnI/AAAAAAAAAEA/2kt1EokylIQ/smart-bubble_thumb%5B4%5D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="97" height="226" /></a></i></font></font></p> <ol> <li> <div align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">(especially British English) (of people) looking clean and neat; well dressed in fashionable and/or formal clothes</font></div> </li> <li> <div align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">(especially North American English) intelligent</font></div> </li> <li> <div align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">(especially British English) connected with fashionable rich people</font></div> </li> <li> <div align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">(of a movement, etc.) quick and usually done with force</font></div> </li> <li> <div align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">(of a device, especially of a weapon/bomb) </font><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">controlled by a computer, so that it appears to act in </font><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">an intelligent way</font></div> </li> </ol> <ol> </ol> <p><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">So, this is a legal meaning of smart. What the meaning of smart to me. In my daily dictionary, smart means do something in effective way in achieving goal.</font></p> <p><font size="3"> <br /><font face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></font></p> <p><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Action - this word has wide definition. Thus, i define it by using </font><a href="http://www.oxfordadvancedlearnersdictionary.com/"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary.</font></a><font size="3"><font face="Berlin Sans FB"> <i>(click to use this free web dictionary)</i></font></font></p> <ol> <li> <div align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">[uncountable] the process of doing something in order to make something happen or to deal with a situation</font></div> </li> <li> <div align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">[countable, uncountable] a legal process to stop a person or company from doing something, or to make them pay for a mistake,</font></div> </li> <li> <div align="justify"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">[uncountable] action of something (on something) the effect that one substance or chemical has on another</font></div> </li> </ol> <ol></ol> <p align="left"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">Thus, in my daily dictionary, I can say that action is performing something and the effect of what we performance. <br /></font></p> <p align="left"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></p> <p align="left"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">In other word, smart-in-action is a perform something in very tip-top condition to achieve a real excellent goal. Thus, I decide to choose my personal motto "smart-in-action" as a title of my blog. <br /></font></p> <p align="center"><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB">-tHaNk yOu-</font></p> <p><font size="3" face="Berlin Sans FB"></font></p> -fazrul.basir-http://www.blogger.com/profile/18418553695983634511noreply@blogger.com0